Differential gene expression and developmental pathologies associated with persistent organic pollutants in sentinel fish in Troutman Lake, Sivuqaq, Alaska
Differential gene expression and developmental pathologies associated with persistent organic pollutants in sentinel fish in Troutman Lake, Sivuqaq, Alaska
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122765
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发表时间：
2023-11-06
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Buck，C. Loren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jordan-Ward，Renee;von Hippel，Frank A.;Buck，C. Loren
持久性有机污染物是一种亲脂性化合物，可在动物体内进行生物累积，并在食物网中产生生物放大作用。许多持久性有机污染物是影响脊椎动物发育的内分泌干扰化合物。持久性有机污染物通过全球蒸馏在北极地区积累，从而影响到高营养级脊椎动物以及过着仅能维持生存的生活方式的人们。北极还包含数千个点污染源，例如以前使用的防御（FUD）站点。阿拉斯加州的Sivuqaq（圣劳伦斯岛）在冷战期间被美国军方使用，岛上的FUD场地仍然是持久性有机污染物污染的点源。我们研究了持久性有机污染物暴露对九刺鱼（Pungitius pungitius）的影响，从Troutman湖的Gambell村作为人类暴露和疾病的模型。在冷战期间，特劳特曼湖被美国军方用作垃圾场。我们发现，尽管棘鱼是低营养级生物，但棘鱼中的PCB浓度超过了美国环境保护署的无限制消费指南。我们检查了生物组织三个水平的影响：基因表达、内分泌学和组织形态学。我们发现，九棘鱼从Troutman湖表现出抑制性腺发育相比，threespine棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）在其他地方研究。Troutman湖刺鱼还显示了两种不同的肝脏表型，一种是脂质积累，另一种是糖原型空泡化。我们使用RNA测序比较了这些肝脏表型的转录组学特征，发现脂质蓄积组中参与核糖体和代谢途径的基因显著上调。此外，显示肝脏脂质积累的棘鱼甲状腺滤泡明显少于空泡化表型。我们的研究和以前的工作强调了由于北极地区的污染热点而对人类和野生动物的健康问题，以及保护健康的补救措施的必要性。
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that bioaccumulate in animals and biomagnify within food webs. Many POPs are endocrine disrupting compounds that impact vertebrate development. POPs accumulate in the Arctic via global distillation and thereby impact high trophic level vertebrates as well as people who live a subsistence lifestyle. The Arctic also contains thousands of point sources of pollution, such as formerly used defense (FUD) sites. Sivuqaq (St. Lawrence Island), Alaska was used by the U.S. military during the Cold War and FUD sites on the island remain point sources of POP contamination. We examined the effects of POP exposure on ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) collected from Troutman Lake in the village of Gambell as a model for human exposure and disease. During the Cold War, Troutman Lake was used as a dump site by the U.S. military. We found that PCB concentrations in stickleback exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's guideline for unlimited consumption despite these fish being low trophic level organisms. We examined effects at three levels of biological organization: gene expression, endocrinology, and histomorphology. We found that ninespine stickleback from Troutman Lake exhibited suppressed gonadal development compared to threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) studied elsewhere. Troutman Lake stickleback also displayed two distinct hepatic phenotypes, one with lipid accumulation and one with glycogen-type vacuolation. We compared the transcriptomic profiles of these liver phenotypes using RNA sequencing and found significant upregulation of genes involved in ribosomal and metabolic pathways in the lipid accumulation group. Additionally, stickleback displaying liver lipid accumulation had significantly fewer thyroid follicles than the vacuolated phenotype. Our study and previous work highlight health concerns for people and wildlife due to pollution hotspots in the Arctic, and the need for health-protective remediation.