Boll Weevil Eradication: Area-Wide Pest Management
Boll Weevil Eradication: Area-Wide Pest Management
复制标题
消灭棉铃象甲：大范围害虫管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James W. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James W. Smith
根除棉铃虫是整个区域害虫管理的一个成功但有争议的例子。棉铃虫入侵南方棉花种植州，造成了负面的经济影响。早期的控制措施只起到了适度的缓解作用，因为种植者用化学药剂与象甲作斗争。到20世纪50年代中期，棉铃虫对二战后引入的新化学物质产生了抗药性。棉花行业呼吁加强研究，根除棉铃虫。在联邦和州机构进行了几年的密集研究后，1971年开始了试点根除试验。经过广泛的评估和进一步的研究，1978年启动了第二次试验计划。这一计划于1983年从东海岸向西扩展，随后于1985年在遥远的西部棉花州实施了一项新计划。这些项目对棉花产业来说代价高昂，但在被根除的地区产生了巨大的经济和环境效益。这些成功并非没有问题和争议。最近两个地区的计划召回减缓了根除整个棉花带的进展。许多棉花行业现在支持根除，并认为这一点太重要了，不能不取得完全的成功。
Boll weevil eradication is a successful but controversial example of area-wide pest management. Negative economic effects resulted as the boll weevil invaded the southern cotton growing states. Early control efforts gave only moderate relief as growers fought the weevil with chemical applications. By the mid-1950s, the weevil developed resistance to the new chemicals introduced after World War II. The cotton industry responded with a call for increased research to eradicate the boll weevil. After several years of intensive research by both federal and state agencies, a pilot eradication trial was started in 1971. After extensive evaluation and additional research, a 2nd trial program was started in 1978. This program expanded westward from the East Coast in 1983 and was followed by a new program in the far western cotton states in 1985. These programs have been expensive to the cotton industry but have resulted in great economic and environmental benefits in eradicated areas. The successes have not been without problems and controversy. Recent program recalls in 2 areas have slowed progress to eradicate the entire Cotton Belt. Much of the cotton industry now supports eradication and believes it is too important not to be a complete success.