Nanowire Nanosensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biological and Chemical Species
Nanowire Nanosensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biological and Chemical Species
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DOI：
10.1142/s021945542250047x
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发表时间：
2022-02
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
E. Aydil;J. Zasadzinski;A. T. Ivanova;D. K. Schwartz;Tinglu Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Aydil;J. Zasadzinski;A. T. Ivanova;D. K. Schwartz;Tinglu Yang
自相关扫描还一致地显示，当锁相被激活时，幅度增加了20%以上。一个重要的问题将是展示对整个合成频谱的相位分布的控制，即脉冲整形。例如，平坦的频谱相位分布是产生超短脉冲的先决条件，而相干控制应用则需要任意形状。使用电流控制方案，两个激光器的载波包络滑移相位相互跟踪(⌬1ϭ⌬2)。当然，这两个激光器之间仍然存在静态的相位差，即(1Ϫ2)。然而，该静态相位可以通过在载波外差拍频检测中引入的适当的相位偏移来控制，例如，通过驱动AOM的射频信号的相移。然后，可以在脉冲整形设备中使用该经相位补偿的频谱来生成所需的脉冲波形。掺硼硅纳米线(SiNW)被用来制造高灵敏度、实时的生物和化学物种电学传感器。胺和氧化物功能化的SiNW具有pH依赖的电导，在很大的动态范围内是线性的，可以用质子化和去质子化过程中表面电荷的变化来解释。使用生物素修饰的SiNW来检测链霉亲和素，其浓度范围至少为皮摩尔。此外，抗原功能化的SiNW显示出可逆的抗体结合和浓度依赖的实时检测。最后，检测到代谢指示剂钙ϩ的可逆结合。这些半导体纳米线的小尺寸和能力可用于敏感、无标记、实时检测广泛的化学和生物物种，可用于基于阵列的筛选和体内诊断。平面半导体可以作为化学和生物传感器的基础，其中的检测可以进行电气和/或光学监测(1-4)。例如，平面场效应晶体管(FET)可以通过用分子受体或目标分析物的选择性膜修饰栅氧化物(不带栅电极)来配置为传感器；带电物种的结合然后导致晶体管结构(1，2)内载流子的耗尽或积累。这种化学敏感FET的一个吸引人的特征是，结合可以通过电导或相关电学性质的直接变化来监测，尽管灵敏度和集成潜力有限。在平面半导体中制造的物理特性限制传感器器件可以很容易地克服…
the autocorrelation scans also consistently shows an amplitude enhancement by more than 20% when the phase lock is activated. An important issue will be to demonstrate control over the phase profile across the entire synthesized spectrum, namely pulse shaping. For example, a flat spectral phase profile is a prerequisite for generating an ultrashort pulse while arbitrary shape is needed for coherent control applications. Using the current control scheme, the carrier-envelope slip phases of the two lasers track each other (⌬ 1 ϭ ⌬ 2). There remains, of course, a static phase difference between the two lasers, namely ( 1 Ϫ 2). However, this static phase can be controlled through an appropriate phase offset introduced in the carrier heterodyne beat detection, for example, through phase shift of the radio frequency signal driving the AOM. This phase-compensated spectrum can then be used in a pulse-shaping device to generate the desired pulse waveform. Boron-doped silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were used to create highly sensitive, real-time electrically based sensors for biological and chemical species. Amine-and oxide-functionalized SiNWs exhibit pH-dependent conductance that was linear over a large dynamic range and could be understood in terms of the change in surface charge during protonation and deprotonation. Biotin-modified SiNWs were used to detect streptavidin down to at least a picomolar concentration range. In addition, antigen-functionalized SiNWs show reversible antibody binding and concentration-dependent detection in real time. Lastly, detection of the reversible binding of the metabolic indicator Ca 2ϩ was demonstrated. The small size and capability of these semiconductor nanowires for sensitive, label-free, real-time detection of a wide range of chemical and biological species could be exploited in array-based screening and in vivo diagnostics. Planar semiconductors can serve as the basis for chemical and biological sensors in which detection can be monitored electrically and/or optically (1– 4). For example, a planar field effect transistor (FET) can be configured as a sensor by modifying the gate oxide (without gate electrode) with molecular receptors or a selective membrane for the analyte of interest ; binding of a charged species then results in depletion or accumulation of carriers within the transistor structure (1, 2). An attractive feature of such chemically sensitive FETs is that binding can be monitored by a direct change in conductance or related electrical property, although the sensitivity and potential for integration are limited. The physical properties limiting sensor devices fabricated in planar semiconductors can be readily overcome …