Stochastic modelling of urban structure.

Stochastic modelling of urban structure.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspa.2017.0700
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发表时间:
2018-05
期刊:
Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wilson A
Wilson A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ellam L;Girolami M;Pavliotis GA;Wilson A

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建立城市的数学和计算机模型有着悠久的历史。核心要素是流动模型(空间相互作用)和结构演变的动力学。在这篇文章中,我们开发了一个随机模型的城市结构,正式帐户的不确定性所产生的不可预测的事件。标准做法是独立校准空间相互作用模型,并通过模拟探索动态。我们提出了两个重大成果,这将是变革的两个要素。首先,我们通过一个单一的潜在功能和开发随机微分方程来模拟演化的结构变量。其次,我们表明,空间相互作用模型的参数可以估计的结构,独立的流量数据,使用贝叶斯推理框架。后验分布是双重棘手的,并提出了重大的计算挑战,我们克服了使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法。我们证明了我们的方法与案例研究的伦敦,英国,零售系统。
The building of mathematical and computer models of cities has a long history. The core elements are models of flows (spatial interaction) and the dynamics of structural evolution. In this article, we develop a stochastic model of urban structure to formally account for uncertainty arising from less predictable events. Standard practice has been to calibrate the spatial interaction models independently and to explore the dynamics through simulation. We present two significant results that will be transformative for both elements. First, we represent the structural variables through a single potential function and develop stochastic differential equations to model the evolution. Second, we show that the parameters of the spatial interaction model can be estimated from the structure alone, independently of flow data, using the Bayesian inferential framework. The posterior distribution is doubly intractable and poses significant computational challenges that we overcome using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We demonstrate our methodology with a case study on the London, UK, retail system.
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