Breastmilk and NICU surfaces are potential sources of fungi for infant mycobiomes
Breastmilk and NICU surfaces are potential sources of fungi for infant mycobiomes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fgb.2019.03.008
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Gale, Cheryl A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heisel, Timothy;Nyaribo, Linet;Gale, Cheryl A.
新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）内的表面，特别是医院工作人员经常处理的表面，除了围产期从母体来源（如母乳）获得的细菌外，还为住院婴儿提供了肠道定植细菌的来源。与细菌相比，对NICU环境中定植真菌的潜在来源知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是表征真菌群落（真菌组）的潜在定植源的新生儿住院在一个大型大学新生儿重症监护病房。我们假设单元表面含有与人类相关（母乳）来源不同的真菌群落。我们通过对真菌rDNA基因座的内转录间隔区2（ITS 2）进行测序，对多个患者护理区域的NICU表面以及母乳样本的真菌组进行了表征。我们发现，在所有样本中，念珠菌属和酵母属物种是最普遍的类群，并具有最大的相对丰度。母乳样本有显着较高的真菌α-二聚体比新生儿重症监护室表面样品和真菌群落组成（β二聚体）之间的两种样品类型显着不同。真菌生物群组成主要由三种真菌分类群的相对丰度驱动：白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌和酿酒酵母。总的来说，21个单独的真菌分类群在母乳中显示出显着更大的相对丰度相比，新生儿重症监护病房的表面，其中三个是特别感兴趣的人类健康：光滑念珠菌，热带念珠菌和新型隐球菌。由于没有检测到真菌DNA时，全母乳被用作DNA模板，而不是母乳进行细胞裂解过程中的DNA分离程序，我们的结果表明，DNA是从真菌细胞，而不是无细胞DNA。总之，新生儿重症监护室表面和人类母乳都含有不同的真菌群落，可以为发育中的婴儿肠道菌群提供真菌来源。特别是，念珠菌属和酵母属物种对于婴儿暴露的这两种潜在来源都是丰富和普遍的。
Surfaces within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), especially those handled frequently by hospital staff, provide sources of gut-colonizing bacteria for hospitalized infants, in addition to those acquired perinatally from maternal sources such as breastmilk. In comparison to bacteria, very little is known about potential sources of colonizing fungi in the NICU setting. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize fungal communities (mycobiomes) of potential colonization sources for neonates hospitalized in a large university NICU. We hypothesized that the unit surfaces would contain different mycobiomes than those of human-associated (breastmilk) sources. We characterized mycobiomes of NICU surfaces of multiple individual patient care areas as well as those of breastmilk samples by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of the fungal rDNA locus. We found that, across all samples, Candida and Saccharomyces species were the most prevalent taxa and had the greatest relative abundances. Breastmilk samples had significantly higher fungal alpha-diversities than NICU surface samples and fungal community compositions (beta diversities) differed significantly between the two sample types. Mycobiome compositions were predominantly driven by the relative abundances of three fungal taxa: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In total, 21 individual fungal taxa showed significantly greater relative abundances in breastmilk as compared to NICU surfaces, with three being of particular interest to human health: Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Since no fungal DNA was detected when whole breastmilk was used as the DNA template, as opposed to breastmilk subjected to cell lysis during the DNA isolation procedure, our results indicate that DNA is from fungal cells and is not cell-free DNA. In summary, both NICU surfaces and human breastmilk harbor distinct fungal communities that could provide a source of fungi for the developing infant gut mycobiota. In particular, Candida and Saccharomyces species are abundant and prevalent for both of these potential sources that infants are exposed to.