Reconsidering stress and smoking: a qualitative study among college students
Reconsidering stress and smoking: a qualitative study among college students
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/tc.2007.019869
复制
发表时间：
2007-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Carkoglu, Asli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nichter, Mark;Nichter, Mimi;Carkoglu, Asli
背景：虽然人们普遍认为成年吸烟者吸烟的增加往往是由压力事件引起的，但很少有人注意到青少年在压力时期吸烟。目的：通过在大学生中引起对吸烟在与压力相关的环境中的社会效用的关注来解决这一差距。设计：对美国中西部一所大型大学的大一新生进行面对面的半结构化访谈。参与者：男性和女性低水平吸烟者（n = 24），定义为那些报告工作日经常吸烟（通常每天3-4支）和周末在聚会上吸烟的人。此外，在期末考试期间对吸烟者进行了40次简短访谈。测量方法：访谈集中在一系列问题上，包括当前吸烟行为和吸烟原因。作为采访的一部分，学生们拿到了一副卡片，上面列出了一系列吸烟的原因。参与者被要求选择卡片来描述他们过去两周的吸烟经历。那些选择在压力下吸烟卡片的人被要求解释他们这样做的原因。结果：对定性反应的回顾显示，吸烟在大学生压力时期具有多种功能。香烟是一种消费活动，当学生在学习期间感到与朋友隔绝时，它可以促进短暂的社交互动。香烟也可以作为表达痛苦的习语，用非语言的方式向别人表明他们有压力。学生们描述吸烟是为了管理自己的压力，也有助于管理来自朋友和同学的“二手压力”。结论：从以个人为中心的压力分析转向对吸烟的社会背景进行更广泛的评估，这为香烟在学生生活中的多功能提供了更细致入微的描述。定性研究关注的问题包括考试期间吸烟和社交的必要性，吸烟作为一种休息和重新集中注意力的方式，二手压力的概念以及吸烟来管理社会关系。
Background: Although it is widely acknowledged among adult smokers that increases in smoking are often precipitated by stressful events, far less attention has been given to smoking during times of stress among youth.Aims: To address this gap by drawing attention to the social utility of smoking in contexts associated with stress among college students.Design: Face-to-face semistructured interviews with college freshmen at a large midwestern university in the US.Participants: Male and female low-level smokers (n = 24), defined as those who reported regular weekday smoking ( typically 3-4 cigarettes a day) and smoking at parties on weekends, were interviewed once in person. In addition, 40 brief interviews with smokers were conducted during final examination.Measurements: Interviews focused on a range of issues including current smoking behaviour and reasons for smoking. As part of the interview, students were given a deck of cards that listed a range of reasons for smoking. Participants were asked to select cards that described their smoking experience in the past 2 weeks. Those who selected cards that indicated smoking when stressed were asked to explain the reasons why they did so.Results: A review of qualitative responses reveals that smoking served multiple functions during times of stress for college students. Cigarettes are a consumption event that facilitates a brief social interaction during study times when students feel isolated from their friends. Cigarettes also serve as an idiom of distress, signalling non-verbally to others that they were stressed. Students described smoking to manage their own stress and also to help manage "second-hand stress'' from their friends and classmates.Conclusions: Moving away from an individual-focused analysis of stress to a broader assessment of the social contexts of smoking provides a more nuanced account of the multi-functionalilty of cigarettes in students' lives. Qualitative research draws attention to issues including the need for smoking and socialising during examination time, smoking as a way to take a break and refocus, notions of second-hand stress and smoking to manage social relationships.