The vigilance decrement reflects limitations in effortful attention, not mindlessness
The vigilance decrement reflects limitations in effortful attention, not mindlessness
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DOI：
10.1518/hfes.45.3.349.27253
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Parasuraman, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grier, RA;Warm, JS;Parasuraman, R
Robertson、Manly、Andrade、Baddeley和Yiend（1997）提出，在警觉任务中，随着时间的推移，表现效率的下降（警觉递减）的特征是“无意识”或从监测任务中撤回注意力。我们使用感知精神负荷（NASA-TLX）和压力（邓迪压力状态问卷）来评估这一提议。采用了两种类型的警戒任务：传统版本，其中观察者进行按钮按压响应以表示检测到很少发生的关键信号，以及由Robertson等人开发的修改版本，以促进无意识，其中按钮按压响应承认频繁发生的中性刺激事件，并且响应抑制表示检测到关键信号。警惕性递减观察到在这两项任务，这两项任务产生同样高水平的工作量和压力，后者包括认知有关的性能充分。注意力集中（正念）似乎比无念更能体现警觉性。本研究的实际或潜在应用包括减少警戒任务所施加的信息处理需求以及与此类任务相关的压力的程序。
Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, and Yiend (1997) proposed that the decline in performance efficiency over time in vigilance tasks (the vigilance decrement) is characterized by "mindlessness" or a withdrawal of attentional effort from the monitoring assignment. We assessed that proposal using measures of perceived mental workload (NASA-TLX) and stress (Dundee Stress State Questionnaire). Two types of vigilance task were employed: a traditional version, wherein observers made button-press responses to signify detection of rarely occurring critical signals, and a modified version, developed by Robertson et al. to promote mindlessness via routinization, wherein button-press responses acknowledged frequently occurring neutral stimulus events and response withholding signified critical signal detection. The vigilance decrement was observed in both tasks, and both tasks generated equally elevated levels of workload and stress, the latter including cognitions relating to performance adequacy. Vigilance performance seems better characterized by effortful attention (mindfulness) than by mindlessness. Actual or potential applications of this research include procedures to reduce the information-processing demand imposed by vigilance tasks and the stress associated with such tasks.