HIV/STD stigmatization fears as health-seeking barriers in China
HIV/STD stigmatization fears as health-seeking barriers in China
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DOI：
10.1007/s10461-005-9047-5
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Guan, Jihui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lieber, Eli;Li, Li;Guan, Jihui
在国际上，耻辱阻碍了艾滋病毒/性传播疾病的有效识别、预防和护理。在中国东部的一个城市中心，采访了106人，其中一些人已知从事了被污名化的危险行为(性工作者、性病门诊患者)，另一些人因担心被污名化而影响求医行为(市场从业人员、从农村到城市的流动人口)。访谈的重点是社区规范、价值观、信仰，以及对艾滋病毒/性传播疾病污名相关事件的情绪和行为反应。对感染的归因被发现标志着个人未能遵守性规范；界定了一种保证避免感染者并被医疗专业人员解雇的条件；以及促进了对负面情绪(即羞愧、恐惧和尴尬)的预期，并贬低了社会角色和地位。据报告，避免污名化的战略包括避免艾滋病毒/性传播疾病知识；避免卫生保健专业人员，特别是在公共场合；遵守社区规范，避开那些被怀疑有危险行为的人。结果对中国的社区营销活动有直接的影响。
Internationally, stigma prohibits effective HIV/STD identification, prevention, and care. Interviews with 106 persons in an urban center in Eastern China, some known to have engaged in stigmatized risk acts (sex workers, STD clinic patients) and some vulnerable for stigmatization fears to influence health-seeking behaviors (market employees, rural-to-urban migrants). Interviews focused on community norms, values, beliefs, and emotional and behavioral reactions to HIV/STD stigmatization related events. Attributions for infection were found to mark individual's failure to adhere to sexuality norms; define a condition warranting the avoidance of infected persons and dismissal by medical professionals; and promote anticipation of negative emotions (i.e., shame, fear, and embarrassment) and devalued social roles and status. Strategies reported to avoid stigmatization include avoiding HIV/STD knowledge; avoiding health care professionals, particularly in public settings; and conforming to community norms of shunning those suspected of risky behaviors. Results have direct implications for community marketing campaigns in China.