Calcite-accumulating large sulfur bacteria of the genus Achromatium in Sippewissett Salt Marsh
Calcite-accumulating large sulfur bacteria of the genus Achromatium in Sippewissett Salt Marsh
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2015.62
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Salman;Tingting Yang;T. Berben;F. Klein;Esther R. Angert;A. Teske
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Salman;Tingting Yang;T. Berben;F. Klein;Esther R. Angert;A. Teske
Large sulfur bacteria of the genusAchromatiumare exceptional amongBacteriaandArchaeaas they can accumulate high amounts of internal calcite. Although known for more than 100 years, they remain uncultured, and only freshwater populations have been studied so far. Here we investigate a marine population of calcite-accumulating bacteria that is primarily found at the sediment surface of tide pools in a salt marsh, where high sulfide concentrations meet oversaturated oxygen concentrations during the day. Dynamic sulfur cycling by phototrophic sulfide-oxidizing and heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria co-occurring in these sediments creates a highly sulfidic environment that we propose induces behavioral differences in theAchromatiumpopulation compared with reported migration patterns in a low-sulfide environment. Fluctuating intracellular calcium/sulfur ratios at different depths and times of day indicate a biochemical reaction of the salt marshAchromatiumto diurnal changes in sedimentary redox conditions. We correlate this calcite dynamic with new evidence regarding its formation/mobilization and suggest general implications as well as a possible biological function of calcite accumulation in large bacteria in the sediment environment that is governed by gradients. Finally, we propose a new taxonomic classification of the salt marshAchromatiumbased on their adaptation to a significantly different habitat than their freshwater relatives, as indicated by their differential behavior as well as phylogenetic distance on 16S ribosomal RNA gene level. In future studies, whole-genome characterization and additional ecophysiological factors could further support the distinctive position of salt marshAchromatium.
