Ethics needs principles - four can encompass the rest - and respect for autonomy should be "first among equals"
Ethics needs principles - four can encompass the rest - and respect for autonomy should be "first among equals"
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DOI：
10.1136/jme.29.5.307
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Gillon, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillon, R
本文假设并论证了“医学伦理四原则”可以单独或结合地解释和证明医学伦理的所有实质性和普遍性主张，甚至可能是更广泛的伦理主张。再次要求证伪这一假设，表明拒绝任何一项原则或要求任何额外原则(S)的理由，这些原则不能用四项原则中的一条或几条组合来解释。这种方法被认为与各种各样的道德理论兼容，而这些理论本身往往是互不相容的。它在跨文化伦理学的背景下提供了一条前进的道路，走上了道德相对主义和道德帝国主义之间的微妙道路。提出了将尊重自治的原则视为“平等中的第一”的理由，特别是因为它是其他三个方面的必要组成部分。呼吁生物伦理学家将这种方法作为全球道德普世主义的基础来庆祝，而不是错误地将其视为全球道德帝国主义的企图。
It is hypothesised and argued that "the four principles of medical ethics" can explain and justify, alone or in combination, all the substantive and universalisable claims of medical ethics and probably of ethics more generally. A request is renewed for falsification of this hypothesis showing reason to reject any one of the principles or to require any additional principle(s) that can't be explained by one or some combination of the four principles. This approach is argued to be compatible with a wide variety of moral theories that are often themselves mutually incompatible. It affords a way forward in the context of intercultural ethics, that treads the delicate path between moral relativism and moral imperialism. Reasons are given for regarding the principle of respect for autonomy as "first among equals", not least because it is a necessary component of aspects of the other three. A plea is made for bioethicists to celebrate the approach as a basis for global moral ecumenism rather than mistakenly perceiving and denigrating it as an attempt at global moral imperialism.