Interpersonal and Genetic Origins of Adult Attachment Styles: A Longitudinal Study From Infancy to Early Adulthood
Interpersonal and Genetic Origins of Adult Attachment Styles: A Longitudinal Study From Infancy to Early Adulthood
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031435
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Holland, Ashley S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fraley, R. Chris;Roisman, Glenn I.;Holland, Ashley S.
依恋理论的假设之一是成人依恋风格的个体差异来自个体的发展历史。为了从经验上检验这一假设，作者报告了国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所早期儿童保育和青年发展研究的18岁随访数据（Booth-LaForce & Roisman，2012），这是一项纵向调查，跟踪了一组儿童及其父母从出生到15岁的情况。分析表明，成人依恋的个体差异可以追溯到个体的生活环境质量，他们新兴的社会能力，以及他们最好的友谊的质量的变化。分析还表明，除了5-羟色胺受体基因的多态性外，对气质的评估以及迄今为止在有关依恋风格遗传相关性的文献中研究的大多数特定遗传多态性与成人依恋基本上不相关（HTR2A rs6313），这适度地预测了更高的依恋焦虑，并揭示了基因x环境的相互作用，预测依恋相关回避。这些数据的影响，当代的观点和辩论有关成人依恋理论进行了讨论。
One of the assumptions of attachment theory is that individual differences in adult attachment styles emerge from individuals' developmental histories. To examine this assumption empirically, the authors report data from an age 18 follow-up (Booth-LaForce & Roisman, 2012) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal investigation that tracked a cohort of children and their parents from birth to age 15. Analyses indicate that individual differences in adult attachment can be traced to variations in the quality of individuals' caregiving environments, their emerging social competence, and the quality of their best friendship. Analyses also indicate that assessments of temperament and most of the specific genetic polymorphisms thus far examined in the literature on genetic correlates of attachment styles are essentially uncorrelated with adult attachment, with the exception of a polymorphism in the serotonin receptor gene (HTR2A rs6313), which modestly predicted higher attachment anxiety and which revealed a Gene x Environment interaction such that changes in maternal sensitivity across time predicted attachment-related avoidance. The implications of these data for contemporary perspectives and debates concerning adult attachment theory are discussed.