Do fungicides used to control Rhizoctonia solani impact the non-target arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis?
Do fungicides used to control Rhizoctonia solani impact the non-target arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00572-014-0610-7
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Declerck, Stephane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buysens, Catherine;de Boulois, Herve Dupre;Declerck, Stephane
越来越多的证据表明，应用生物防治生物（如假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌，丛枝菌根真菌- amf）是在综合防治策略中减少植物病原体发病率的可行选择。然而，杀菌剂的使用可能会威胁到这些微生物的利用，特别是AMF，杀菌剂是一种广泛使用的措施，用于控制各种作物（包括马铃薯）的番茄根丝核菌。因此，在使用杀菌剂之前，确定杀菌剂对AMF的影响非常重要。本研究在体外控制条件下，研究了azoxystrobin（系统广谱杀菌剂）、fluutolanil（系统杀菌剂）和pencycuron（接触型根瘤菌特异性杀菌剂）及其配方（Amistar、Monarch和Monceren）对AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833生长发育（孢子萌发、根定植、根外菌丝体发育、菌丝生长和菌丝生长）的影响。以及孢子的产生)。结果表明，偶氮嘧菌酯及其制剂Amistar在控制番茄赤霉的阈值（根据最大半数抑制浓度IC50估算，以干重为基础）下，不影响不规则赤霉的孢子萌发和马铃薯根定植，而超自由基菌丝体的发育和孢子产量在阈值的10倍时减少。氟托兰尼及其制剂在阈值时不影响孢子萌发和超根发育，但减少根定植和丛枝形成。在阈值下，百曲龙及其制剂对不规则田鼠的孢子萌发和根内或根外发育没有影响。这些结果表明，氮嘧菌酯和苯曲龙在阈值浓度下不影响真菌的AMF，而氟妥拉尼（作为制剂）影响真菌的根内相。因此，这些杀菌剂和不规则孢子虫具有平行应用于马铃薯根核菌病的潜力。
There is growing evidence that the application of biocontrol organisms (e.g., Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-AMF) is a feasible option to reduce incidence of plant pathogens in an integrated control strategy. However, the utilization of these microorganisms, in particular AMF, may be threatened by the application of fungicides, a widely-used measure to control Rhizoctonia solani in various crops among which potato. Prior to their application, it is thus important to determine the impact of fungicides on AMF. The present study investigated, under in vitro controlled conditions, the impact of azoxystrobin (a systemic broad-spectrum fungicide), flutolanil (a systemic Basidiomycota-specific fungicide), and pencycuron (a contact Rhizoctonia-specific fungicide) and their respective formulations (Amistar, Monarch, and Monceren) on the growth and development of the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 (spore germination, root colonization, extraradical mycelium development, and spore production) at doses used to control R. solani. Results demonstrated that azoxystrobin and its formulation Amistar, at threshold values for R. solani control (estimated by the half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, on a dry weight basis), did not affect spore germination and potato root colonization by R. irregularis, while the development of extra-radical mycelium and spore production was reduced at 10 times the threshold value. Flutolanil and its formulation Monarch at threshold value did not affect spore germination or extra-radical development but decreased root colonization and arbuscule formation. At threshold value, pencycuron and its formulation Monceren, did not affect spore germination and intra- or extraradical development of R. irregularis. These results suggest that azoxystrobin and pencycuron do not affect the AMF at threshold concentrations to control R. solani in vitro, while flutolanil (as formulation) impacts the intraradical phase of the fungus. These fungicides and R. irregularis thus have the potential to be used in parallel against Rhizoctonia disease in potato.