Comparison of Oxidants Used in Advanced Oxidation for Potable Reuse: Non-Target Analysis and Bioassays
Comparison of Oxidants Used in Advanced Oxidation for Potable Reuse: Non-Target Analysis and Bioassays
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DOI：
10.1021/acsestwater.2c00485
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发表时间：
2023-02
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通讯作者：
Mingrui Song;Elizabeth McKenna;I. Ferrer;E. Thurman;L. Taylor-Edmonds;R. Hofmann;K. Ishida;Shannon L. Roback;M. Plumlee;D. Hanigan
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作者：
Mingrui Song;Elizabeth McKenna;I. Ferrer;E. Thurman;L. Taylor-Edmonds;R. Hofmann;K. Ishida;Shannon L. Roback;M. Plumlee;D. Hanigan
在紫外线高级氧化工艺 (UV-AOP) 中，游离氯 (HOCl) 和一氯胺 (NH2Cl) 是比过氧化氢 (H2O2) 更少使用的氧化剂，但引起了水回用行业和科学界的兴趣，因为它们比 H2O2 更具成本效益，并提供保护性消毒剂残留。通过可疑和非目标筛选以及生物分析测试（生物测定），对回收废水中有机化合物的破坏、UV-AOP 副产物的产生以及使用 H2O2、HOCl、NH2Cl 或环境残留氯胺进行 UV-AOP 期间毒性的变化进行了评估。根据可疑筛选质谱峰面积，通过可疑筛选在反渗透 (RO) 渗透液中鉴定出 10 种化合物，UV/H2O2 和 UV/HOCl 的去除率接近 100%，大于 UV/NH2Cl 和 UV/环境 (∼60%) 的分解率。基于混合模式阳离子交换柱提取物中有机特征的非目标分析表明，UV/H2O2 破坏了相似或稍大比例的有机化合物，形成较少的转化产物，并最大程度地减少了非目标特征的总峰面积。与暴露于含氯氧化剂相比，经 UV/H2O2 处理的 RO 渗透液产生的氯化副产物更少。向 RO 渗透液中添加 NH2Cl 导致生物测定氧化应激响应略有增加，但在 UV-AOP 后所有氧化剂的所有样品均降至响应极限以下。
Free chlorine (HOCl) and monochloramine (NH2Cl) are less-used oxidants than hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in ultraviolet advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) but have garnered interest from the water reuse industry and scientific community because they can be more cost-effective than H2O2and provide a protective disinfectant residual. The destruction of organic compounds, creation of UV-AOP byproducts, and change in toxicity during UV-AOP with H2O2, HOCl, NH2Cl, or ambient residual chloramine were evaluated in recycled wastewater by suspect and non-target screening as well as bioanalytical tests (bioassays). Ten compounds were identified in reverse osmosis (RO) permeate via suspect screening with removal near 100% by UV/H2O2and UV/HOCl, greater than decomposition by UV/NH2Cl and UV/ambient (∼60%), based on suspect screening mass spectrometry peak area. Non-target analysis based on organic features in mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge extracts indicated that UV/H2O2destroyed a similar or slightly greater fraction of organic compounds, formed fewer transformation products, and reduced the summed peak area of non-target features to the greatest extent. Fewer chlorinated byproducts were produced from the RO permeate treated by UV/H2O2than exposure to the chlorine-containing oxidants. Addition of NH2Cl to RO permeate resulted in a slight increase in the bioassay oxidative stress response but dropped below the response limit for all samples after UV-AOP for all oxidants.