Climate change and evolving human diversity in Europe during the last glacial
Climate change and evolving human diversity in Europe during the last glacial
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2003.1396
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发表时间：
2004-02-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Richards, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gamble, C;Davies, W;Richards, M
在更新世，气候变化和人类进化之间的联系经常被假设，但很少被验证。在宏观进化层面上，弗利向人类展示了灭绝，而不是物种形成，与深海记录中记录的环境变化相关。我们的目标是以较小的规模和高分辨率的环境和考古档案来检查这一发现。我们感兴趣的是在欧洲最后一次冰川时期，在更新世气候变化的情况下，人类扩散模式的变化。选择这个时间框架和地区，我们可以观察到两个原始人分类群，尼安德特人和克罗马农人，是如何适应氧同位素阶段3的气候条件的。这两个分类群代表了两种原始人适应辐射，称为陆地和水生的，表现出不同的栖息地偏好，但对气候因素的耐受性相似。它们对不断变化的生态条件的反应是基于它们在空间和时间上扩展其社会的能力。我们使用西欧冰川晚期所有可用的放射性碳测定的数据库，进一步研究了这种差异。这些数据代表了人口历史，特别是随着气候的迅速变化，区域人口的扩张和萎缩。对这些过程的独立评估来自欧洲人的遗传史。结果表明，气候影响人口收缩，而不是人口扩张。我们讨论了导致冰河时代遗产的遗传和文化多样性的后果：全球分布的单一原始人物种。
A link between climate change and human evolution during the Pleistocene has often been assumed but rarely tested. At the macro-evolutionary level Foley showed for hominids that extinction, rather than speciation, correlates with environmental change as recorded in the deep sea record. Our aim is to examine this finding at a smaller scale and with high-resolution environmental and archaeological archives. Our interest is in changing patterns of human dispersal under shifting Pleistocene climates during the last glacial period in Europe. Selecting this time frame and region allows us to observe how two hominid taxa, Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons, adapted to climatic conditions during oxygen isotope stage 3. These taxa are representative of two hominid adaptive radiations, termed terrestrial and aquatic, which exhibited different habitat preferences but similar tolerances to climatic factors. Their response to changing ecological conditions was predicated upon their ability to extend their societies in space and time. We examine this difference further using a database of all available radiocarbon determinations from western Europe in the late glacial. These data act as proxies for population history, and in particular the expansion and contraction of regional populations as climate changed rapidly. Independent assessment of these processes is obtained from the genetic history of Europeans. The results indicate that climate affects population contraction rather than expansion. We discuss the consequences for genetic and cultural diversity which led to the legacy of the Ice Age: a single hominid species, globally distributed.