A simplified vocal tract model for articulation of [s]: The effect of tongue tip elevation on [s]
A simplified vocal tract model for articulation of [s]: The effect of tongue tip elevation on [s]
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0223382
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发表时间：
2019-10-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wada, Shigeo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoshinaga, Tsukasa;Nozaki, Kazunori;Wada, Shigeo
众所周知，辅音是通过控制声道内的湍流来发音的。本文提出了一个简化的声道模型来研究摩擦音[s]在词的语境中产生时的流和声音特征。通过控制入口流量和舌部速度，模型再现了[s]的声学特性。用麦克风和热线风速计进行的测量表明，在舌头到达/s/位置之前，齿隙处的流速和远场声压开始振荡，并在舌头下降期间继续振荡。这种行为不受舌速变化的影响。这些结果表明，有一个源生成和舌运动之间的时间转移。这种时移可能是包括/s/在内的单词的发音中的物理约束。利用该模型，我们可以以参数化的方式研究舌头速度对气流和声音产生的影响。所提出的方法也适用于其他音素，以进一步探索发声的气动声学。
Fricative consonants are known to be pronounced by controlling turbulent flow inside a vocal tract. In this study, a simplified vocal tract model was proposed to investigate the characteristics of flow and sound during production of the fricative [s] in a word context. By controlling the inlet flow rate and tongue speed, the acoustic characteristics of [s] were reproduced by the model. The measurements with a microphone and a hot-wire anemometer showed that the flow velocity at the teeth gap and far-field sound pressure started oscillating before the tongue reached the /s/ position, and continued during tongue descent. This behaviour was not affected by the changes of the tongue speed. These results indicate that there is a time shift between source generation and tongue movement. This time shift can be a physical constraint in the articulation of words which include /s/. With the proposed model, we could investigate the effects of tongue speed on the flow and sound generation in a parametric way. The proposed methodology is applicable for other phonemes to further explore the aeroacoustics of phonation.