A framework for evaluating the impact of the IUCN Red List of threatened species
A framework for evaluating the impact of the IUCN Red List of threatened species
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/cobi.13454
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-13
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Milner-Gulland, E. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betts, Jessica;Young, Richard P.;Milner-Gulland, E. J.
国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）濒危物种红色名录是一个物种灭绝风险评估工具，50多年来一直指导着保护工作。人们普遍认为，它有助于防止物种濒临灭绝并推动复苏。然而，世界自然保护联盟红色名录在指导保护方面的影响尚未得到评估。我们对使用世界自然保护联盟红色名录的专家进行了采访，并进行了转录和编码，以了解该名录如何用于保护。我们开发了一个变化理论，以说明如何以及为什么变化预计会发生沿着因果路径，有助于世界自然保护联盟红色名录的长期目标和评估框架，用于衡量世界自然保护联盟红色名录在产生科学知识，提高利益相关者的认识，指定优先保护地点，分配资金和资源，影响立法和政策制定，并指导有针对性的保护行动（关键主题）。红名单评估是导致产出（科学知识，提高认识），成果（更好地了解优先事项的确定，获得资金和资源的可用性，改善立法和政策）和影响（实施保护行动，导致积极的变化）的主要投入，这些都导致了自然保护联盟红名单目标的实现。为了探索将世界自然保护联盟红色名录的差异归因于不同主题的可行性，我们研究了增加的科学知识，提高的认识，获得资金和资源分配，以及增加的保护活动。可行性探索表明，随着时间的推移，通过文献中提到自然保护联盟红色清单的出版物的积极趋势，科学知识有所增加;在自然保护联盟开展大量活动后，通过在线搜索活动达到高峰，提高了对该清单的认识;在申请过程中要求自然保护联盟红色清单地位的养护供资机构比例增加;根据对两栖动物专家组成员的采访，红名单评估对于联系相关利益攸关方和确保保护行动至关重要。尽管我们将IUCN红色名录确定为全球保护工作的重要工具，但由于其无处不在的性质，衡量具体影响具有挑战性。我们是第一个确定IUCN红色名录对保护的影响的机构。
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, a species extinction risk assessment tool, has been guiding conservation efforts for over 5 decades. It is widely assumed to have been instrumental in preventing species from moving closer to extinction and driving recoveries. However, the impact of the IUCN Red List in guiding conservation has not been evaluated. We conducted, transcribed, and coded interviews with experts who use the IUCN Red List across a range of sectors to understand how the list is used in conservation. We developed a theory of change to illustrate how and why change is expected to occur along causal pathways contributing to the long-term goal of the IUCN Red List and an evaluation framework with indicators for measuring the impact of the IUCN Red List in generating scientific knowledge, raising awareness among stakeholders, designating priority conservation sites, allocating funding and resources, influencing development of legislation and policy, and guiding targeted conservation action (key themes). Red-list assessments were the primary input leading to outputs (scientific knowledge, raised awareness), outcomes (better informed priority setting, access to funding and resource availability, improved legislation and policy), and impact (implemented conservation action leading to positive change) that have resulted in achievement of IUCN Red List goals. To explore feasibility of attributing the difference made by the IUCN Red List across themes, we studied increased scientific knowledge, raised awareness, access to funding and resource allocation, and increased conservation activity. The feasibility exploration showed increased scientific knowledge over time identified through positive trends in publications referring to the IUCN Red List in the literature; raised awareness of the list following high IUCN activity identified by peaks in online search activity; an increased proportion of conservation funding bodies requesting IUCN Red List status in the application process; and, based on interviews with Amphibian Specialist Group members, red-list assessments were essential in connecting relevant stakeholders and ensuring conservation action. Although we identified the IUCN Red List as a vital tool in global conservation efforts, it was challenging to measure specific impacts because of its ubiquitous nature. We are the first to identify the influence of the IUCN Red List on conservation.