Wild Vervet Monkeys Trade Tolerance and Specific Coalitionary Support for Grooming in Experimentally Induced Conflicts
Wild Vervet Monkeys Trade Tolerance and Specific Coalitionary Support for Grooming in Experimentally Induced Conflicts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.016
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发表时间：
2015-11-16
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Bshary, Redouan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borgeaud, Christele;Bshary, Redouan
理毛是许多灵长类动物的重要社会行为。研究集中在三个重要方面：为自己和/或其他商品（如容忍或联盟支持）梳理的短期和长期交易模式[1，2]，交易所是否是互惠的令人信服的例子[3，4]，以及交易的决策规则[5-7]。由于观察性研究的相关性和实验研究的罕见性，这些问题在很大程度上仍未得到解决[2，8-11]。在这里，我们提出了一个新的实验范式，以解决这些问题，在野生长尾猴（绿猴pygerythrus）。成年雌性首先接受训练，接近一个由独特颜色图案识别的个人盒子，以获得高质量的食物。在实验过程中，两个盒子被放在一起，通过强迫接近来引发冲突。我们发现，虽然占主导地位的一般更宽容的保税个人，最近梳理增加宽容独立的关系质量。后一个结果表明，长尾猴交易梳理短期的宽容，其中占主导地位的直接互惠决策规则。相比之下，女性总是支持更高级别的对手在冲突中，独立于谁是最近的美容合作伙伴。然而，最近的梳理增加了女性在与低级别第三方发生冲突时支持伴侣的可能性。因此，女性的决策联盟的支持似乎整合信息，目前的社会等级与最近的梳理事件。总而言之，为其他商品进行梳理交易的决策规则涉及各种时间尺度和因素。
Grooming is a key social behavior in many primate species. Research has focused on three important aspects: the short- and long-term trading patterns of grooming for itself and/or for other commodities like tolerance or coalitionary support [1, 2], the issue of whether exchanges are a convincing example for reciprocity [3, 4], and what decision rules underlie trading [5-7]. These issues remain largely unresolved due to the correlative nature of observational studies and the rarity of experimental studies [2, 8-11]. Here, we present a new experimental paradigm to address these questions in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Adult females were first trained to approach a personal box, identifiable by unique color patterns, to access high-quality food. During the experiments, two boxes were placed next to each other to induce conflict through forced proximity. We found that while dominants were generally more tolerant toward bonded individuals, recent grooming increased tolerance independently of relationship quality. The latter result shows that vervet monkeys traded grooming for short-term tolerance, where dominants used a direct-reciprocity decision rule. In contrast, females invariably supported the higher-ranking opponent in a conflict, independently of who was the recent grooming partner. Nevertheless, recent grooming increased the probability that a female supported the partner during conflicts with a low-ranking third party. Thus, females' decisions about coalitionary support seem to integrate information about the current social hierarchy with recent grooming events. In conclusion, decision rules underlying trading of grooming for other commodities involve a variety of timescales and factors.