Hemizygous mutations in SNAP29 unmask autosomal recessive conditions and contribute to atypical findings in patients with 22q11.2DS.

Hemizygous mutations in SNAP29 unmask autosomal recessive conditions and contribute to atypical findings in patients with 22q11.2DS.
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DOI:
10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101320
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发表时间:
2013-02
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Jerome-Majewska LA
Jerome-Majewska LA
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McDonald-McGinn DM;Fahiminiya S;Revil T;Nowakowska BA;Suhl J;Bailey A;Mlynarski E;Lynch DR;Yan AC;Bilaniuk LT;Sullivan KE;Warren ST;Emanuel BS;Vermeesch JR;Zackai EH;Jerome-Majewska LA

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22q11.2 缺失综合征 (22q11.2DS) 是最常见的微缺失疾病,影响估计 1 : 2000–4000 名活产婴儿。 22q11.2DS 患者具有广泛的表型异常,通常包括先天性心脏异常、腭异常和免疫缺陷。其他发现,例如骨骼异常和自身免疫性疾病,可能会导致部分患者出现显着的发病率。 22q11.2DS是一个连续基因DS,患者体内有超过40个基因被删除;因此,该区域内几个基因的缺失有助于临床特征。其余 22q11.2 等位基因外部或之上的突变也已知会改变表型。我们利用全外显子组、靶向外显子组和/或桑格测序来检查 17 名 22q11.2 缺失患者的基因组,并在 <10% 的受影响个体中发现表型特征。在四名不相关的患者中,我们发现了 SNAP29 的三种新突变,该基因与常染色体隐性遗传病脑发育不全、神经病、鱼鳞病和角化病 (CEDNIK) 有关。 SNAP29 定位于 22q11.2,编码可溶性 SNARE 蛋白,预计该蛋白可介导内质网或高尔基膜处的囊泡融合。这项工作证实,在 22q11.2DS 患者子集中观察到的表型变异是由于未删除染色体上的突变造成的,这导致常染色体隐性遗传疾病(如 CEDNIK、Kousseff 和潜在常染色体隐性遗传的 Opitz G/BBB 综合征)的暴露。此外,我们的工作表明 SNAP29 是 22q11.2 DS 患者可变表达性的主要修饰因子。
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion disorder, affecting an estimated 1 : 2000–4000 live births. Patients with 22q11.2DS have a broad spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities which generally includes congenital cardiac abnormalities, palatal anomalies, and immunodeficiency. Additional findings, such as skeletal anomalies and autoimmune disorders, can confer significant morbidity in a subset of patients. 22q11.2DS is a contiguous gene DS and over 40 genes are deleted in patients; thus deletion of several genes within this region contributes to the clinical features. Mutations outside or on the remaining 22q11.2 allele are also known to modify the phenotype. We utilised whole exome, targeted exome and/or Sanger sequencing to examine the genome of 17 patients with 22q11.2 deletions and phenotypic features found in <10% of affected individuals. In four unrelated patients, we identified three novel mutations in SNAP29, the gene implicated in the autosomal recessive condition cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis and keratoderma (CEDNIK). SNAP29 maps to 22q11.2 and encodes a soluble SNARE protein that is predicted to mediate vesicle fusion at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi membranes. This work confirms that the phenotypic variability observed in a subset of patients with 22q11.2DS is due to mutations on the non-deleted chromosome, which leads to unmasking of autosomal recessive conditions such as CEDNIK, Kousseff, and a potentially autosomal recessive form of Opitz G/BBB syndrome. Furthermore, our work implicates SNAP29 as a major modifier of variable expressivity in 22q11.2 DS patients.
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