Contextual control of human fear associations in a renewal paradigm
Contextual control of human fear associations in a renewal paradigm
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.011
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Kindt, Merel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Effting, Marieke;Kindt, Merel
行为改变的原始模型表明，消退是依赖于环境的，而恐惧习得是独立于环境的[Bouton, M. E. & Ricker, S. T. (1994)。在第二个上下文中恢复已熄灭的响应。动物学习和行为，22, 317-324]。支持性证据主要来自动物研究，表明在情境A中获得（条件刺激-非条件刺激（CS-US））和情境B中消退后，通过在获得情境A（ABA更新）或新的情境C（ABC更新）中呈现CS来更新恐惧。言外之意，该模型预测 ABA 和 ABC 更新相等。然而，也有证据表明，灭绝的背景依赖性和习得的背景独立性可能没有最初提出的那么严格。本研究使用不同的恐惧调节范式，以美国电击和在线电击预期评级和皮肤电反应作为因变量，研究了人类的更新。实验 1 比较了 ABA 条件和 AAA 条件。实验 2 比较了三种条件：ABA、ABC 和 AAA。两个实验都证明了 ABA 的更新。最重要的是，实验 2 显示 ABA 更新量大于 ABC 更新量。总体而言，预期评级的结果比皮肤电反应的结果更有说服力。与灭绝模型一致，目前的研究结果支持人类灭绝的背景依赖性。与该模型相反，研究结果表明，在人类中，不仅灭绝学习，而且恐惧习得也受到当前环境的控制。 (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The original model of behavior change suggests that extinction is context dependent whereas fear acquisition is context independent [Bouton, M. E. & Ricker, S. T. (1994). Renewal of extinguished responding in a second context. Animal Learning and Behavior, 22, 317-324]. Supportive evidence stems mainly from animal studies, showing that after acquisition (conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US)) in Context A and extinction in Context B, fear is renewed by presenting the CS in acquisition Context A (ABA renewal) or in a novel Context C (ABC renewal). By implication, the model predicts equal ABA and ABC renewal. However, there is also evidence to suggest that the context dependency of extinction and the context independency of acquisition may be less stringent than originally proposed. The present study investigated renewal in humans using a differential fear conditioning paradigm with a shock US and online shock expectancy ratings and electrodermal responses as dependent variables. Experiment 1 compared an ABA condition with an AAA condition. Experiment 2 compared three conditions: ABA, ABC, and AAA. Both experiments demonstrated ABA renewal. Most importantly, Experiment 2 showed larger ABA than ABC renewal. Overall, results for expectancy ratings were more convincing than for electrodermal responses. In line with the extinction model, the present findings support the context dependency of extinction in humans. In contrast to the model, the findings suggest that in humans not only extinction learning, but also fear acquisition is controlled by its current context. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.