Propagule pressure and the invasion risks of non‐native freshwater fishes: a case study in England
Propagule pressure and the invasion risks of non‐native freshwater fishes: a case study in England
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繁殖压力和非本地淡水鱼类的入侵风险：英格兰的案例研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Gozlan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Copp;M. Templeton;R. Gozlan
欧洲国家，特别是英国，在引进非本地鱼类方面有着悠久的历史，但目前还没有对任何欧洲国家的引进途径和繁殖压力进行详细的研究。以英格兰的九个地区为初步案例研究，调查了野生非本地淡水鱼（来自最近的非本地物种审计）的发生与鱼类进口强度（即繁殖体压力）和多样性之间的潜在关系。引进的主要途径是进口观赏用鱼类（例如水族馆和花园池塘）和钓鱼运动，没有报告或怀疑引入压载水或船体污染的情况。在野外记录的非本地鱼类的发生与引进十年后的时间（年数）有关。然而，在20世纪70年代观察到建立率的变化，此后建立物种与引进物种的比例下降。随着进口强度的增加（2000-2004年进口鱼类数量的log10x + 1）和寄售鱼类多样性的增加（2000-2004年进口寄售鱼类种类数量的log10x + 1），在野外观察到的已建立的非本土鱼类数量显著增加（P < 0.05）。对政策和管理的影响进行了讨论。
European countries in general, and England in particular, have a long history of introducing non-native fish species, but there exist no detailed studies of the introduction pathways and propagules pressure for any European country. Using the nine regions of England as a preliminary case study, the potential relationship between the occurrence in the wild of non-native freshwater fishes (from a recent audit of non-native species) and the intensity (i.e. propagule pressure) and diversity of fish imports was investigated. The main pathways of introduction were via imports of fishes for ornamental use (e.g. aquaria and garden ponds) and sport fishing, with no reported or suspected cases of ballast water or hull fouling introductions. The recorded occurrence of non-native fishes in the wild was found to be related to the time (number of years) since the decade of introduction. A shift in the establishment rate, however, was observed in the 1970s after which the ratio of established-to-introduced species declined. The number of established non-native fish species observed in the wild was found to increase significantly (P < 0·05) with increasing import intensity (log10x + 1 of the numbers of fish imported for the years 2000–2004) and with increasing consignment diversity (log10x + 1 of the numbers of consignment types imported for the years 2000–2004). The implications for policy and management are discussed.