Recrystallization of ice enhances the creep and vulnerability to fracture of ice shelves

Recrystallization of ice enhances the creep and vulnerability to fracture of ice shelves
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冰的再结晶增强了冰架的蠕变和断裂脆弱性

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117219
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Peč, Matěj
Peč, Matěj
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ranganathan, Meghana;Minchew, Brent;Meyer, Colin R.;Peč, Matěj

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南极洲漂浮区域的裂缝和快速流动有可能破坏大片接地冰盖区域的稳定,导致海平面迅速上升。虽然观测表明快速流动的冰川边缘存在快速、局部的变形和破坏,但我们对快速变形如何影响冰的粘度和韧性的理解仍然存在差距。在这里,我们推导出冰的动态重结晶模型,其中包括迁移重结晶的新颖表示。这种机制在现有模型中不存在,并且可能在经历快速变形的温暖地区(例如冰盖的剪切边际)中占主导地位。虽然固体地球研究在剪切带中发现了细粒岩石,但在这里我们发现由于温度升高和激活迁移再结晶的高应变率而导致冰晶尺寸升高(> 10毫米)。大晶粒尺寸意味着剪切边缘中的冰主要通过位错蠕变而变形,这表明流动定律应力指数为n≈4,而不是典型的n=3。此外,我们发现晶粒尺寸的增加导致冰川边缘冰的抗拉强度下降约75%。因此,颗粒尺寸的增加软化了快速流动的冰川的边缘,并使冰架边缘比以前想象的更容易破裂。这些结果还表明需要在大规模冰盖建模中考虑动态再结晶的影响。
The initiation of fractures and fast flow in floating regions of Antarctica have the potential to destabilize large regions of the grounded ice sheet, leading to rapid sea-level rise. While observations have shown rapid, localized deformation and damage in the margins of fast-flowing glaciers, there remain gaps in our understanding of how rapid deformation affects the viscosity and toughness of ice. Here we derive a model for dynamic recrystallization of ice that includes a novel representation of migration recrystallization. This mechanism is absent from existing models and is likely dominant in warm areas undergoing rapid deformation, such as shear margins in ice sheets. While solid earth studies find fine-grained rock in shear zones, here we find elevated ice grain sizes (> 10 mm) due to warmer temperatures and high strain rates activating migration recrystallization. Large grain sizes imply that ice in shear margins deforms primarily by dislocation creep, suggesting a flow-law stress exponent of n≈ 4 rather than the canonical n= 3. Further, we find that this increase in grain size results in a decrease in tensile strength of ice by∼ 75% in the margins of glaciers. Thus, this increase in grain size softens the margins of fast-flowing glaciers and makes ice shelf margins more vulnerable to fracture than previously supposed. These results also suggest the need to consider the effects of dynamic recrystallization in large-scale ice-sheet modeling.
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