Comparison of pesticide levels in carpet dust and self-reported pest treatment practices in four US sites
Comparison of pesticide levels in carpet dust and self-reported pest treatment practices in four US sites
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500307
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hartge, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colt, JS;Lubin, J;Hartge, P
流行病学研究使用问卷调查和地毯灰尘采样来评估住宅接触农药的情况。尚未探讨这两种方法提供的信息的一致性。在一项基于人群的非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例对照研究中，从底特律、爱荷华州、洛杉矶和西雅图的 513 名对照受试者的家中收集了地毯灰尘样本。样本取自用过的吸尘器袋子，并分析了 30 种农药。采访者使用附有视觉教具的详细调查问卷向受试者询问其家中处理的害虫类型。农药水平的地理差异通常与害虫处理实践的地理差异一致。洛杉矶居民报告说，对爬行昆虫、跳蚤/蜱虫和白蚁的治疗最多，洛杉矶灰尘样本中残杀威、毒死蜱、二嗪农、氯菊酯和氯丹的含量最高。爱荷华州对草坪/花园杂草的处理最多，2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和麦草畏的含量也最高。尽管西雅图治疗草坪/花园昆虫的受试者比例最高，但其他地点的草坪/花园杀虫剂比例较高。多元线性回归揭示了所处理的害虫类型与特定农药粉尘水平之间的几个显着关联。最强的关联是白蚁处理与氯丹、跳蚤/蜱处理与氯菊酯之间。大多数显着关联与农药的已知用途一致；几乎没有预期的关联缺席。问卷数据与灰尘中测得的农药残留之间的一致性为评估住宅农药暴露的两种方法提供了可信度。组合技术对于流行病学研究似乎很有前景。在铺设现有地毯之前，采访是评估农药暴露情况的唯一方法。灰尘采样可以客观地测量人们可能通过个人使用农药或从外部飘入或追踪而接触到的特定化合物，并避免回忆偏差。
Epidemiologic studies have used both questionnaires and carpet dust sampling to assess residential exposure to pesticides. The consistency of the information provided by these two approaches has not been explored. In a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, carpet dust samples were collected from the homes of 513 control subjects in Detroit, Iowa, Los Angeles, and Seattle. The samples were taken from used vacuum cleaner bags and analyzed for 30 pesticides. Interviewers queried subjects about the types of pests treated in their home using a detailed questionnaire accompanied by visual aids. Geographic variations in pesticide levels were generally consistent with geographic differences in pest treatment practices. Los Angeles residents reported the most treatment for crawling insects, fleas/ticks, and termites, and Los Angeles dust samples had the highest levels of propoxur, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, permethrin, and chlordane. Iowa had the most treatment for lawn/garden weeds, and also the highest levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dicamba. Although Seattle had the highest proportion of subjects treating for lawn/garden insects, the lawn/garden insecticides were higher in other sites. Multivariate linear regression revealed several significant associations between the type of pest treated and dust levels of specific pesticides. The strongest associations were between termite treatment and chlordane, and flea/tick treatment and permethrin. Most of the significant associations were consistent with known uses of the pesticides; few expected associations were absent. The consistency between the questionnaire data and pesticide residues measured in dust lends credibility to both methods for assessing residential exposure to pesticides. The combined techniques appear promising for epidemiologic studies. Interviewing is the only way to assess pesticide exposures before current carpets were in place. Dust sampling provides an objective measure of specific compounds to which a person may have been exposed through personal use of a pesticide or by drift-in or track-in from outside, and avoids recall bias.