Site and parameters of microstimulation: evidence for independent effects on the properties of saccades evoked from the primate superior colliculus.
Site and parameters of microstimulation: evidence for independent effects on the properties of saccades evoked from the primate superior colliculus.
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微刺激的部位和参数：对灵长类上丘引起的眼跳特性的独立影响的证据。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3360
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sparks,DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stanford,TR;Freedman,EG;Sparks,DL
1. 微刺激用于研究上丘 (SC) 的活动如何有助于确定灵长类动物眼跳运动的特性。分别改变丘脑刺激的部位、刺激序列的持续时间和刺激序列的频率，以检查丘脑活动的轨迹、持续时间和水平对确定眼跳幅度、方向、持续时间和速度的相对贡献。 2. 对于任何给定的刺激部位，可以证明运动幅度和训练持续时间之间的关系。运动幅度是随着列车持续时间的增加而单调增加但饱和的函数。最大运动的大小由刺激部位决定。在可以调制幅度的范围内，运动偏移与刺激序列的偏移相关。结果，列车持续时间的每次减少或增加都会产生相应的移动持续时间的减少或增加。 3. 诱发运动的峰值速度受刺激频率的影响；较高频率的刺激会产生较高速度的运动。 4. 可以权衡列车持续时间和频率的影响，以产生具有可比幅度但动态特性不同的运动；短持续时间的高速运动和长持续时间的低速运动可以分别通过高频、短持续时间和低频、长持续时间的序列刺激来产生。在刺激频率中，诱发运动的幅度与刺激序列中的脉冲总数最相关。 5.因为可以通过增加刺激序列的持续时间来补偿降低的速度，所以可以利用不同的刺激频率来获得相同的特定部位最大幅度。 6. 由于列车持续时间或列车频率的变化，运动方向会发生微小但显着的变化。 7. 运动开始的潜伏期（即从刺激开始到运动开始的间隔）取决于刺激的频率。较高频率的刺激会产生较短潜伏期的运动。 8. 这些数据表明刺激部位和刺激参数都有助于确定灵长类动物 SC 引起的运动特性。这样做与早期微刺激研究的结果相矛盾，早期微刺激研究表明灵长类动物 SC 引起的眼球运动特性仅由刺激部位决定。这些发现与丘脑功能的传统观点相冲突，传统观点认为丘脑运动表征纯粹是解剖学的。相反，这些数据支持修正的观点，即丘脑活动的轨迹、持续时间和水平有助于确定灵长类动物眼跳运动的特性。根据这种观点，与所需位移和扫视速度相关的独立信息是从丘脑活动的时空分布中提取的。
1. Microstimulation is used to investigate how activity in the superior colliculus (SC) contributes to determining the properties of primate saccadic eye movements. The site of collicular stimulation, the duration of the stimulation train, and the frequency of the stimulation train are each varied to examine the relative contributions of the locus, duration, and level of collicular activity to determining saccade amplitude, direction, duration, and velocity. 2. For any given site of stimulation, a relationship between movement amplitude and train duration can be demonstrated. Movement amplitude is a monotonically increasing, but saturating, function of increasing train duration. The size of the largest movement is dictated by the site of stimulation. Within the range over which amplitude can be modulated, movement offset is linked to the offset of the stimulation train. As a result, each decrement or increment in train duration produces a corresponding decrement or increment in movement duration. 3. The peak velocity of an evoked movement is influenced by the frequency of stimulation; a higher frequency of stimulation produces a movement of higher velocity. 4. The effects of train duration and frequency can be traded to produce movements that have comparable amplitudes but different dynamic characteristics; high-velocity movements of short duration and low-velocity movements of long duration can be produced by stimulating with high-frequency, short-duration, and low-frequency, long-duration trains, respectively. Across stimulation frequencies, the amplitude of an evoked movement is best related to the total number of pulses in the stimulation train. 5. Because it is possible to compensate for reduced velocity by increasing the duration of the stimulation train, the same site-specific maximum amplitude can be attained with different frequencies of stimulation. 6. Small, but significant, changes in movement direction occur as a result of varying train duration or train frequency. 7. The latency to movement onset (i.e., interval from stimulation onset to movement onset) depends upon the frequency of stimulation. A higher frequency of stimulation produces a movement of shorter latency. 8. These data demonstrate that both the site of stimulation and the parameters of stimulation contribute to determining the properties of a movement evoked from the primate SC. In doing so, they contradict the results of early microstimulation studies that suggest that the properties of eye movements evoked from the primate SC are determined solely by the site of stimulation. The findings conflict with the traditional view of collicular function that suggests that the collicular motor representation is purely anatomic. Rather, these data support a revised view whereby the locus, duration, and level of collicular activity contribute to determining the properties of a primate saccadic eye movement. According to this view, independent information relating to desired displacement and saccade velocity are extracted from the spatiotemporal profile of collicular activity.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. L. Zuber
通讯作者：
B. L. Zuber
影响因子：
13.9
作者：
Sparks,DL;Mays,LE
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Mays,LE
眼球扫视运动的机制。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1954
期刊：
A M A Archives of Ophthalmology
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Westheimer
通讯作者：
G. Westheimer
大鼠尾上丘电诱发的头部和身体运动：脉冲频率效应
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
E. J. Tehovnik
通讯作者：
E. J. Tehovnik
绕过扫视脉冲发生器：大鼠上丘对头部运动轨迹的可能控制
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
S. M. King;P. Dean;P. Redgrave
通讯作者：
P. Redgrave