Plants: Crop diversity pre‐breeding technologies as agrarian care co‐opted?
Plants: Crop diversity pre‐breeding technologies as agrarian care co‐opted?
复制标题
植物：农作物多样性预育种技术作为农业护理的选择？
作者：
Garrett Graddy
在国际农业生物多样性保护领域，用于粮食和农业植物遗传资源“预育种”的资金激增。除其他技术外，分子高通量分析试图辨别、记录和数字化基因库中存储的农民/地方品种和作物野生近缘种的基因组特征，使它们成为专业育种的清晰素材。但育种前需要进行彻底的表型评估和表征，以了解植物在其生命周期中、在各种生长和气候条件下的生理属性、遗传性状和反应。本文探讨了一个讽刺之处，即一系列监视技术的开发和部署是为了模仿农业工作和观察植物的技能，并关注它们在许多季节和环境中的生长状况、喜欢和不喜欢什么。这些呼吁和技术承认需要认真关注农作物，即使它们进一步取代了实际农民及其每次收获时选择和保存开放授粉种子的长期模式。在这里，照料农作物需要记住和交流从植物中集体收集的信息。这种照料植物的农业专业知识已被系统地贬值和去智力化，并产生了性别影响。借鉴女权主义地理学和政治生态学，护理景观框架揭示了在培育农业生物多样性方面人类和非人类护理的矩阵。新的预育种技术和培训并没有对这种专业知识进行新的评估，而是继续忽视农场的植物护理工作以及从事这些工作的农民。指出这一矛盾可能有助于将农业护理技能重新定位为有效农业生物多样性利用的关键。预育种技术的扩散可能意味着农业护理技能的采用或重新集中和重新评估它们的机会。
Within the realm of international agricultural biodiversity conservation, there has been a surge of funding for “pre‐breeding” of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Molecular high‐throughput analysis, among other techniques, attempts to discern, document, and digitise the genomic traits of farmer/landrace varieties and crop wild relatives stored in gene banks to render them legible fodder for professional breeding. But pre‐breeding necessitates thorough phenotypic evaluation and characterisation to understand the physiological attributes, heritable traits, and responses of a plant through its life cycle, under various growing and climactic conditions. This paper explores the irony that a range of surveillance technologies have been developed and deployed to mimic the agrarian work and skills of observing plants and attending to how they are faring, what they like and do not like over many seasons and contexts. These calls and technologies acknowledge the need for heedful attention to crops, even as they further displace actual farmers and their longstanding modes of selecting and saving open‐pollinated seeds each harvest. Here, attending to crops entails remembering and communicating collectively gathered information of and from the plant. Such agrarian expertise of caring for plants has been systematically devalued and de‐intellectualised, with gendered implications. Drawing on feminist geographies and political ecology, a landscape of care framework discloses the matrix of human and beyond‐human care at work in cultivating agricultural biodiversity. Rather than ushering in a new valuation of this expertise, new pre‐breeding technologies and trainings continue to ignore on‐farm, plant‐based care work and the farmers who do it. Calling out this contradiction could help re‐centre such agrarian care skills as the crux to effective agricultural biodiversity utilisation. The proliferation of pre‐breeding technologies could signify the co‐optation of agrarian care skills or the opportunity to re‐centre and revalue them.
DOI：
10.3390/s18030763
发表时间：
2018-03-02
期刊：
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rist F;Herzog K;Mack J;Richter R;Steinhage V;Töpfer R
通讯作者：
Töpfer R
跨专业和日常立场的护理伦理：参与式视频对斯洛伐克年轻女性护理人员的（意外）影响
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Blazek M
通讯作者：
Blazek M