Race, Gender, and Genetic Technologies: A New Reproductive Dystopia?
Race, Gender, and Genetic Technologies: A New Reproductive Dystopia?
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DOI：
10.1086/597132
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Roberts, Dorothy E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts, Dorothy E.
在20世纪80年代，玛格丽特·阿特伍德（Margaret Atwood）、吉娜·科雷亚（Gena Corea）和其他女权主义者设想了一种反乌托邦，在这种反乌托邦中，富有的白色女性的生殖受到重视和特权，而有色人种女性的生殖受到贬低和剥削。在随后的几十年里，女权主义学者继续批评生育的分层，一方面是惩罚贫穷的非白色妇女生育的政策，另一方面是促进更富裕的白色妇女生育的高科技生育产业。然而，近年来，营销基于种族的生物技术的公司承诺将遗传研究的好处扩展到有色人种，推广遗传技术的媒体突出了他们的形象。与此同时，基因筛查的重要作用使公民个人有责任通过减少基因风险确保良好健康，这可能有助于将基因技术更广泛地纳入新自由主义的保健系统。因此，我认为，我们需要一种新的生殖反乌托邦，来解释不断变化的生殖政治背景。本文批判性地探讨了种族和种族主义在生殖技术出现中的作用，这些技术结合了遗传科学的进步，并考虑了将有色人种女性纳入生殖技术市场的影响，特别是当女性期望使用这些技术来管理遗传风险时。在调查这些问题时，我希望阐明种族主义，新自由主义和生殖之间的关键关系。
In the 1980s, Margaret Atwood, Gena Corea, and other feminists envisioned dystopias in which wealthy white women’s reproduction was valued and privileged and women of color’s reproduction was devalued and exploited. In subsequent decades, feminist scholars continued to criticize the stratification of reproduction by contrasting policies that penalize poor nonwhite women’s childbearing, on the one hand, with the high‐tech fertility industry that promotes childbearing by more affluent white women, on the other. In recent years, however, companies that market race‐based biotechnologies have promised to extend the benefits of genetic research to people of color, and media promoting genetic technologies have prominently featured their images. At the same time, the important role of genetic screening that makes individual citizens responsible for ensuring good health by reducing genetic risk may support the wider incorporation of genetic technologies into the neoliberal health care system. I argue, therefore, that we need a new reproductive dystopia that accounts for the changing political context of reproduction. This article critically explores the role of race and racism in the emergence of reproductive technologies that incorporate advances in genetic science and considers the implications of including women of color in the market for reprogenetic technologies, particularly when this is done with the expectation that women will use these technologies to manage genetic risk. In investigating these issues, I hope to shed light on the critical relationship between racism, neoliberalism, and reproduction.