Distribution and evolution of the serine/aspartate racemase family in invertebrates. II. Frequent and widespread parallel evolution of aspartate racemase
Distribution and evolution of the serine/aspartate racemase family in invertebrates. II. Frequent and widespread parallel evolution of aspartate racemase
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无脊椎动物中丝氨酸/天冬氨酸消旋酶家族的分布和进化。
DOI：
10.1093/jb/mvac067
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Moe Luke A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uda Kouji;Moe Luke A
我们的前期研究表明，无脊椎动物丝氨酸消旋酶（SerR）和天冬氨酸消旋酶（AspR）是由一个共同的祖先基因进化而来的，并且分布广泛。然而，这些基因的整体分子进化背景仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们已经克隆，表达和表征五个SerR和三个AspR基因从六种无脊椎动物。SerR和AspR旁系同源物在某些物种中共存，并且SerR和AspR在这里被证实存在于扁虫Macrostomum lignano、羽星Anneissia japonica、方舟Anadara broughtonii和海兔Anneasia californica中。基因结构的比较揭示了SerR和AspR的进化。后生动物的祖先种可能只有一个SerR基因，真后生动物共同祖先种的第一次基因复制发生在多孔动物和真后生动物分化之后，产生了两个SerR基因。大多数真后生动物丢失两个SerR基因之一，而棘皮动物。日本人同时具有这两个基因。此外，很明显，无脊椎动物AspR基因出现通过平行进化复制的SerR基因，然后取代所需的底物识别在多个谱系的氨基酸残基。
Our previous studies showed that invertebrate animal serine racemase (SerR) and aspartate racemase (AspR) evolved from a common ancestral gene and are widely distributed. However, the overall molecular evolutionary background of these genes has remained unclear. In the present study, we have cloned, expressed and characterized five SerR and three AspR genes from six invertebrate species. The coexistence of SerR and AspR paralogs has been observed in some species, and the presence of both SerR and AspR is here confirmed in the flatwormMacrostomum lignano, the feather starAnneissia japonica, the ark shellAnadara broughtoniiand the sea hareAplysia californica. Comparison of the gene structures revealed the evolution of SerR and AspR. The ancestral species of metazoans probably had a single SerR gene, and the first gene duplication in the common ancestor species of the eumetazoans occurred after the divergence of porifera and eumetazoans, yielding two SerR genes. Most eumetazoans lost one of the two SerR genes, while the echinodermA. japonicaretained both genes. Furthermore, it is clear that invertebrate AspR genes arose through parallel evolution by duplication of the SerR gene followed by substitution of amino acid residues necessary for substrate recognition in multiple lineages.