The formal electronic recycling industry: Challenges and opportunities in occupational and environmental health research
The formal electronic recycling industry: Challenges and opportunities in occupational and environmental health research
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.010
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Dong, Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ceballos, Diana Maria;Dong, Zhao
背景：电子废物包括作为废物丢弃而不打算再利用的电气和电子设备。非正式的电子废物回收通常在规模较小、无组织的企业中进行，可能使工人和社区面临严重的化学健康危害。目前尚不清楚正规化为更大、更好控制的电子回收（电子回收）设施是否可以解决环境和职业健康问题。目标：系统回顾有关正规电子回收设施职业和环境健康危害的文献，并讨论加强该领域研究的挑战和机遇。方法：我们从 4 个电子数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、Environmental Index、NIOSHTIC-2）中确定了专门针对正规电子回收中化学暴露的 37 篇出版物讨论：环境和职业暴露取决于设施的正规化程度，但需要进一步减少。据报告，工人接触金属的情况往往高于推荐的职业指南。工人吸入的空气和生物样本中的溴化阻燃剂含量高于参考组。设施内部或附近发现的金属、溴化阻燃剂、二恶英、呋喃、多环芳烃或多氯联苯的空气、灰尘和土壤浓度通常高于参考位置，表明它们已迁移到环境中。回收者的孩子的血铅水平高于公共卫生建议的指南。结论：随着电子垃圾的增加，更多的工人、他们的家庭成员和社区可能会接触到不健康的金属和其他化学品。我们确定了进一步评估暴露、健康和改进控制的研究需求。长期的解决方案是制造不含有害物质和易于拆卸组件的电子产品。 (C) 2016 年作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Background: E-waste includes electrical and electronic equipment discarded as waste without intent of reuse. Informal e-waste recycling, typically done in smaller, unorganized businesses, can expose workers and communities to serious chemical health hazards. It is unclear if formalization into larger, better-controlled electronics recycling (e-recycling) facilities solves environmental and occupational health problems.Objectives: To systematically review the literature on occupational and environmental health hazards of formal e recycling facilities and discuss challenges and opportunities to strengthen research in this area.Methods: We identified 37 publications from 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Environmental Index, NIOSHTIC-2) specific to chemical exposures in formal e-recycling facilities.Discussion: Environmental and occupational exposures depend on the degree of formalization of the facilities but further reduction is needed. Reported worker exposures to metals were often higher than recommended occupational guidelines. Levels of brominated flame-retardants in worker's inhaled air and biological samples were higher than those from reference groups. Air, dust, and soil concentrations of metals, brominated flame-retardants, dioxins, furans, polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons, or polychlorinated biphenyls found inside or near the facilities were generally higher than reference locations, suggesting transport into the environment. Children of a recycler had blood lead levels higher than public health recommended guidelines.Conclusions: With mounting e-waste, more workers, their family members, and communities could experience unhealthful exposures to metals and other chemicals. We identified research needs to further assess exposures, health, and improve controls. The long-term solution is manufacturing of electronics without harmful substances and easy-to-disassemble components. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.