Vigilance in a selfish herd
Vigilance in a selfish herd
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.09.004
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Beauchamp, Guy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beauchamp, Guy
我探索反捕食警惕在一个空间明确的组。在一个空间明显的群体中，具有高警惕性的觅食者可以将捕食的负担转移到警惕性较低的同伴身上，如果他们先逃跑，捕食者优先选择落后者。我把这称为警惕性的传递效应。在一系列的模型中，我研究了ESS（进化稳定策略）的警惕水平的变化作为觅食动物之间的初始距离的函数。在一组周边觅食，警惕性首先降低，然后增加觅食之间的初始距离的减小。警觉性的下降是因为觅食者离捕食者更远，逃跑时有更大的优势。然而，随着觅食者彼此靠近，被同伴超越的风险增加，并有利于提高警惕。这种警惕性随着群体密度的增加也发生在位于中心的觅食者身上，这些觅食者没有直接暴露在攻击中，但可以被外围同伴超越。当一个群体中的所有觅食者都被同伴的逃跑瞬间提醒时，猎物在群体中的相对位置不会改变，从而阻碍了传递效应。因此，传递效应的警惕性，预计将更普遍的群体与效率较低的集体检测捕食威胁。(c)2006年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
I explore antipredator vigilance in a spatially explicit group. In a spatially explicit group, foragers with high vigilance can shift the burden of predation to their less vigilant companions if they escape first and the predator selects laggards preferentially. I refer to this as the pass-along effect on vigilance. In a series of models, I examine changes in ESS (evolutionarily stable strategy) levels of vigilance as a function of initial distance between foragers. In a group with peripheral foragers, vigilance first decreases and then increases with decreases in the initial distance between foragers. The decrease in vigilance arises because the foragers occur further away from the predator and have a greater head start when escaping. However, as foragers occur closer to each other, the risk of being overtaken by companions increases and favours higher vigilance. This increase in vigilance with group density also occurs for centrally located foragers that are not exposed directly to attack but which can be overtaken by peripheral companions. When all foragers in a group are alerted instantaneously by the escape of companions, the relative position of prey in the group cannot change, impeding the pass-along effect. The pass-along effect on vigilance is thus expected to be more prevalent in groups with less efficient collective detection of predation threats. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.