Urbanisation lowers great tit Parus major breeding success at multiple spatial scales
Urbanisation lowers great tit Parus major breeding success at multiple spatial scales
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DOI：
10.1111/jav.02108
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Matthysen, Erik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Satge, Jacques;Strubbe, Diederik;Matthysen, Erik
尽管大量研究报告了城市化对鸟类的负面影响，但很少有人研究城市规模对繁殖成功的影响。此外，许多研究依赖于对城市化的定性而非定量评估。本研究试图通过测试城市化（在两个空间尺度上测量）对大山雀繁殖成功的影响来解决这些问题。比利时北部的研究地点采用了包含 400 多个巢箱的嵌套研究设计，对当地和区域规模的城市化程度进行了先验量化。发现所有测量的育种参数在城市化的一个或两个空间尺度上都存在变化；在城市化程度较高的地区，大山雀的产蛋日期提前，但与农村地区相比，繁殖成功率较低，每窝产蛋数较小，雏鸟质量较低，每枚蛋的雏鸟数量也较少。重要的是，城市化效应不仅限于大城市，小城镇花园或公园的鸟类繁殖成功率也相对较低。我们发现，区域和地方规模的城市化对产蛋日期、窝数和雏鸟质量都有一致的显着影响，而每枚蛋的雏鸟数量仅受到地方规模城市化的负面影响。因此，这项研究的结果强调了利用多个空间尺度来分析城市化影响的重要性，以及当地城市化对育种成功的潜在负面影响。这需要进一步研究驱动城市化效应的机制以及这些机制在不同规模上的变化。
While numerous studies have reported negative effects of urbanisation on birds, few have examined the role of urban scale in influencing breeding success. Furthermore, many studies have relied on qualitative rather than quantitative assessments of urbanisation. This study sought to address these issues by testing the effects of urbanisation, measured at two spatial scales, on the breeding success of great tits Parus major. A nested study design, incorporating over 400 nestboxes, was used in study sites across northern Belgium with a priori quantified degrees of urbanisation at both local and regional scales. All measured breeding parameters were found to vary at one or both spatial scales of urbanisation; in more urbanised areas great tits displayed advanced laying dates but lower breeding success compared to rural areas, with smaller clutch sizes, lower nestling masses and fewer fledglings per egg. Importantly, urbanisation effects were not limited to big cities as birds breeding in gardens or parks in small towns also had comparatively low success. We found that both regional- and local-scale urbanisation had consistent significant effects on laying date, clutch size and nestling mass, while the number of fledglings per egg was negatively influenced by local-scale urbanisation only. Results of this study therefore highlight the importance of utilising multiple spatial scales in analysing urbanisation effects, as well as the potential negative impact of local urbanisation on breeding success. This calls for further investigation into mechanisms driving urbanisation effects and how these may vary at different scales.