London taxi drivers and bus drivers: A structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis
London taxi drivers and bus drivers: A structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis
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DOI：
10.1002/hipo.20233
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Spiers, Hugo J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maguire, Eleanor A.;Woollett, Katherine;Spiers, Hugo J.
有执照的伦敦出租车司机表明，人类有一个显着的能力，以获得和使用一个大的复杂的城市中的知识导航it. Gray的海马体体积的差异，相对于控制已被报道，伴随着这种专长。虽然这些灰质差异可能是由于使用和更新空间表征造成的，但它们可能会受到自我运动、驾驶经验和压力等因素的影响。我们通过比较伦敦出租车司机和伦敦公共汽车司机来研究这些因素的贡献，他们在驾驶经验和压力水平方面是匹配的，但不同之处在于他们遵循一组受约束的路线。我们发现，与公交车司机相比，出租车司机有较大的灰质体积在中后部的大脑前半球的体积较小。此外，多年的导航经验与海马灰质体积仅在出租车司机，与右后灰质体积增加，前部体积减少更多的导航经验。这表明空间知识，而不是压力，驾驶或自我运动，与出租车司机海马灰质体积的模式有关。然后，我们测试了各组之间的功能差异，发现出租车司机获得新的视觉空间信息的能力比公共汽车司机差。我们推测，一个复杂的空间表示，这有利于专家导航，并与更大的后海马灰质体积，可能会在新的空间记忆和前海马灰质体积的成本。(c)2006 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Licensed London taxi drivers show that humans have a remarkable capacity to acquire and use knowledge of a large complex city to navigate within it. Gray matter volume differences in the hippocampus relative to controls have been reported to accompany this expertise. While these gray matter differences could result from using and updating spatial representations, they might instead be influenced by factors such as self-motion, driving experience, and stress. We examined the contribution of these factors by comparing London taxi drivers with London bus drivers, who were matched for driving experience and levels of stress, but differed in that they follow a constrained set of routes. We found that compared with bus drivers, taxi drivers had greater gray matter volume in mid-posterior hippocampi and less volume in anterior hippocampi. Furthermore, years of navigation experience correlated with hippocampal gray matter volume only in taxi drivers, with right posterior gray matter volume increasing and anterior volume decreasing with more navigation experience. This suggests that spatial knowledge, and not stress, driving, or self-motion, is associated with the pattern of hippocampal gray matter volume in taxi drivers. We then tested for functional differences between the groups and found that the ability to acquire new visuo-spatial information was worse in taxi drivers than in bus drivers. We speculate that a complex spatial representation, which facilitates expert navigation and is associated with greater posterior hippocampal gray matter volume, might come at a cost to new spatial memories and gray matter volume in the anterior hippocampus. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.