Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from food production animals to humans: a review.
Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from food production animals to humans: a review.
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DOI：
10.1079/pavsnnr20083095
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kluytmans, J. A. J. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Broens, E. M.;Cleef, B. A. G. L. van;Kluytmans, J. A. J. W.
对食用动物生产中抗菌素使用的国际监测表明，传统上与医院有关的人类病原体耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）已在社区和动物中出现。自1961年以来，MRSA一直在世界各地的医院引起人类感染，其中绝大多数是由五种主要的流行病克隆引起的。1990年后，在社区中出现了其他克隆，导致相对年轻和健康的个体感染。这些克隆的起源在很大程度上是未知的，并且在分离株之间存在广泛的多样性。伴侣动物被认为是一个蓄水池。然而，大多数研究表明，它们最初被人类感染，随后动物重新定居人类。最近，在食品生产动物中发现了一种新的人畜共患病宿主。这涉及到一种特殊的克隆，MRSA ST398，它在动物中广泛传播，也在零售肉类中发现。它对公众健康构成潜在威胁，因为与食品生产动物接触的人被定植的风险要高得多。最可能的传播途径似乎是直接接触，因为马厩里的灰尘被发现对MRSA ST398呈阳性。MRSA ST398作为食品病原体的作用有待进一步研究。为了防止在人类中定植，重要的是调查动物之间、动物与人之间以及人与人之间的传播途径和传播动态。人类和兽医流行病学家以及微生物学家需要进行合作，以确定这一菌株对公共卫生的影响，并制定具有成本效益的控制战略。
International surveillance of antimicrobial use in food animal production shows that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), traditionally a human pathogen associated with hospitals, has emerged in the community and animals. Since 1961, MRSA has been causing human infections in hospitals worldwide and a vast majority of them were caused by five major epidemic clones. After 1990, other clones have emerged in the community, leading to infections in relatively young and healthy individuals. The origin of these clones is largely unknown, and extensive diversity among isolates exists. Companion animals have been indicated as a reservoir. However, most studies suggest that they are initially infected by humans and subsequently animals re-colonize humans. More recently, a new zoonotic reservoir in food production animals was found. This involves a specific clone, MRSA ST398, which spreads extensively in animals and is also found in retail meat. It poses a potential threat to public health, as people in contact with food production animals are at much higher risk of colonization. The most probable transmission route seems to be by (in)direct contact, as dust in stables was found positive for MRSA ST398. The role of MRSA ST398 as a food pathogen needs more research. To prevent colonization in humans, it is important to investigate transmission routes and transmission dynamics between animals, between animals and humans and between humans. Collaboration of human and veterinary epidemiologists and microbiologists is needed to identify the implications of this strain for public health and to develop cost-effective control strategies.