A cost effective and high fidelity fluoroscopy simulator using the Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK)
A cost effective and high fidelity fluoroscopy simulator using the Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK)
复制标题
使用图像引导手术工具包 (IGSTK) 的经济有效且高保真度的透视模拟器
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Z. Yaniv
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Gong;Brad Jenkins;R. Sze;Z. Yaniv
目前，学员在提供临床护理时就可以获得获得信息丰富的 X 射线透视图像所需的技能。因此，受训者和患者会受到更高剂量的辐射。使用模拟有可能减少这种辐射暴露，使受训者能够在治疗患者之前在安全的环境中提高他们的技能。我们描述了一种低成本、高保真度的透视模拟系统。我们的系统使操作员能够使用临床设备和虚拟患者的模拟 X 射线来练习技能。使用一组时间计算机断层扫描 (CT) 图像来表示患者，对应于潜在的动态过程。模拟 X 射线图像、数字重建射线照片 (DRR) 是使用具有可定制的机器特定成像参数的射线投射从 CT 生成的。为了建立 CT 和透视设备之间的空间关系，CT 虚拟地连接到患者体模，并使用网络摄像头跟踪体模的姿势。相机安装在荧光镜增强器上，通过校准获得其与X射线源之间的关系。为了控制图像采集，操作员像正常操作模式一样移动荧光镜。变焦、准直和图像保存的控制是通过安装在设备控制面板旁边的键盘来完成的。实施基于图像引导手术工具包 (IGSTK)，并使用图形处理单元 (GPU) 来加速图像生成。我们的系统由 11 名临床医生进行了评估，结果发现对于培训目的来说足够现实。
The skills required for obtaining informative x-ray fluoroscopy images are currently acquired while trainees provide clinical care. As a consequence, trainees and patients are exposed to higher doses of radiation. Use of simulation has the potential to reduce this radiation exposure by enabling trainees to improve their skills in a safe environment prior to treating patients. We describe a low cost, high fidelity, fluoroscopy simulation system. Our system enables operators to practice their skills using the clinical device and simulated x-rays of a virtual patient. The patient is represented using a set of temporal Computed Tomography (CT) images, corresponding to the underlying dynamic processes. Simulated x-ray images, digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), are generated from the CTs using ray-casting with customizable machine specific imaging parameters. To establish the spatial relationship between the CT and the fluoroscopy device, the CT is virtually attached to a patient phantom and a web camera is used to track the phantom’s pose. The camera is mounted on the fluoroscope’s intensifier and the relationship between it and the x-ray source is obtained via calibration. To control image acquisition the operator moves the fluoroscope as in normal operation mode. Control of zoom, collimation and image save is done using a keypad mounted alongside the device’s control panel. Implementation is based on the Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK), and the use of the graphics processing unit (GPU) for accelerated image generation. Our system was evaluated by 11 clinicians and was found to be sufficiently realistic for training purposes.