The roles of phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in morphology and performance of an invasive species in a novel environment
The roles of phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in morphology and performance of an invasive species in a novel environment
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DOI：
10.1111/een.13087
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发表时间：
2021-09-15
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hufbauer, Ruth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jardeleza, Marcel-Kate G.;Koch, Jonathan B.;Hufbauer, Ruth A.
1.物种引进提供了深入了解种群如何通过快速适应和适应性表型可塑性来应对新环境和选择压力。然而，越来越多的人认识到适应不良反应在自然界也很常见。斑翅果蝇，铃木虫果蝇，迅速入侵不同的环境提供了机会，以检查适应性和适应不良的表型和进化反应，其引进的范围。2.我们研究了如何在外地的人口密度和个体的翅膀大小在海拔梯度变化夏威夷。然后，我们进行了一个互惠的共同花园实验，以评估温度如何影响翅膀的大小和其他相关的健身。我们是通过饲养D来实现的。Suzukii采集自代表低海拔和高海拔的温度的低海拔和高海拔。3.我们观察到机翼尺寸随高度增加。此外，苍蝇在海拔较高的地方更丰富。在互惠的共同花园实验中，苍蝇在温暖的低海拔温度下出现得更快，在凉爽的高海拔温度下翅膀发育得更大。出现的苍蝇从高海拔和低海拔的网站显示出一种模式，表明适应不良的温度代表他们的家园环境。4.我们认为，相反的选择压力，苍蝇的高vagility，在身体大小和极端的可塑性约束适应温度沿着海拔梯度。虽然成功的入侵物种，如D。Suzukii经常表现出局部适应，本研究表明即使没有这种适应，入侵物种也可以成功。
1. Species introductions provide insights into how populations respond to new environments and selection pressures through rapid adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity. However, maladaptive responses are increasingly recognised to also be common in nature. The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, has rapidly invaded divergent environments providing the opportunity to examine adaptive and maladaptive phenotypic and evolutionary responses to its introduced range. 2. We studied how population density in the field and wing size of individuals varied over an elevational gradient on Hawaii. We then conducted a reciprocal common garden experiment to evaluate how temperature influenced wing size and other correlates of fitness. We did this by reciprocally rearing D. suzukii collected from low and high elevations in temperatures representative of low and high elevation. 3. We observed a wing size increase with elevation. Additionally, flies were more abundant at higher elevation. In the reciprocal common garden experiment, flies emerged faster in the warm, low-elevation temperature and developed larger wings in the cool, high-elevation temperature. Emergence of flies from high- and low-elevation sites showed a pattern suggesting maladaptation to the temperature representing their home environment. 4. We suggest that opposing selection pressures, the high vagility of flies, and extreme plasticity in body size constrain adaptation to temperature along an elevational gradient. Although successful invasive species such as D. suzukii often exhibit local adaptation, this research demonstrates that invasive species can be successful even without such adaptation.