Associated Facial, Vocal and Respiratory Components of Emotional Expression: An Experimental Study*
Associated Facial, Vocal and Respiratory Components of Emotional Expression: An Experimental Study*
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情绪表达的相关面部、声音和呼吸成分：实验研究*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1937
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
By;H. Magoun;D. Atlas;E. H. Ingersoll;S. W. Ranson;K. Wilson
在Kinnier Wilson（1）选择的代表神经学中某些现代问题的主题中，有一个是由面部肌肉的随意和情绪神经支配的分离的临床图像所呈现的。人们早就知道，由于核上皮质或囊损伤而导致面部肌肉组织的意志运动瘫痪的患者，在表达情感时可能保留这些肌肉的活动。相反，有报告称，面部肌肉的自愿激活没有受到损害，而情绪激动却无法产生适当的面部表情。Kinnier Wilson 2在他对这一主题的评论中解释说，面部核团的自愿和情绪神经支配受到大脑中不同系统的影响。威尔逊进一步扩展了这一观点，他假设了一种脑干机制，这种机制有助于在情绪行为中观察到的面部、声音和呼吸活动的联带运动。Bard 3从他4' 5年来对涉及情感表达的脑干机制的研究的角度考虑了面部和声音活动，提供了进一步的阐明。我们对这一问题的兴趣来自于对这些脑干机制的一系列研究（兰森等6 -13），在研究过程中，我们反复观察到，作为对实验动物脑干内局部区域刺激的特异性反应，获得了协调的面部和声音反应。似乎有必要对这些影响进行专门研究，我们现在希望报告对轻度麻醉的猫和猴子以及急性去脑猫的脑干进行系统电刺激所获得的此类反应的调查结果。方法
AMONG the topics which Kinnier Wilson 1 has selected as representing some modern problems in neurology is that presented by the clinical picture of dissociation of the voluntary and emotional innervation of the facial muscles. It has long been known that patients suffering a paralysis of volitional movement of the facial musculature, as a result of supranuclear cortical or capsular lesions, may retain an activity of these muscles in the expression of emotion. Conversely, cases have been reported in which voluntary activation of the facial muscles has been unimpaired, while emotional excitement failed to produce the appropriate facial expression. In his review of this subject, Kinnier Wilson 2 has suggested in explanation that the voluntary and emotional innervations of the facial nuclei are effected by different systems within the brain. Enlarging upon this suggestion, Wilson has postulated a brainstem mechanism which subserves the synkinesis of the facial, vocal and respiratory activity observed in emotional behaviour. Further elucidation has been provided by Bard 3 in a consideration of facial and vocal activity from the point of view of his 4' 5 recent studies of the brainstem mechanisms involved in the expression of emotion. Our interest in this problem has developed from a series of investigations of these brainstem mechanisms (Ranson et al.6-13), in the course of which we have repeatedly observed coordinated facial and vocal responses obtained as specific reactions to stimulation of localized areas within the brainstem of experimental animals. It seemed desirable to make a special study of these effects, and we wish now to report the results of an investigation of such responses obtained from systematic electrical stimulation of the brainstem of the lightly anaesthetized cat and monkey and of the acutely decerebrate cat. METHODS