Monetary benefits of preventing childhood lead poisoning with lead-safe window replacement
Monetary benefits of preventing childhood lead poisoning with lead-safe window replacement
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.003
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Cohen, Jonathan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nevin, Rick;Jacobs, David E.;Cohen, Jonathan
以前对儿童铅中毒预防效益的估计量化了一些健康效益的现值，但没有量化含铅涂料危害控制的成本或与住房和能源市场相关的效益。由于使用含铅涂料的老旧房屋构成了当今美国的主要暴露源，我们量化了替换含铅窗户的健康效益、成本、市场价值效益、能源节约和净经济效益（包括油漆稳定和其他措施）。在1940年以前的住房中，每名居民儿童从终生收入改善中获得的收益为21,195美元，在1940- 1959年的住房中为8685美元（按2005年美元计算）。每套住房每年节约能源130-486美元，无论是否有年幼的儿童，每套住房的市场价值相应增加5900-14,300美元，具体取决于房屋面积和更换窗户的数量。1940年以前建造的每套住房的净福利为4490- 5629美元，1940年至1959年建造的每套住房的净福利为491-1629美元，具体数额取决于房屋面积和更换窗户的数量。在所有1960年以前的美国房屋中更换铅安全窗户将产生至少670亿美元的净收益，这还不包括许多其他收益。这些其他的好处，在论文中显示，包括避免注意缺陷多动障碍，其他儿童铅接触的医疗费用，避免特殊教育，减少犯罪和青少年犯罪在以后的生活中。此外，这种替代窗口的努力将减少电力高峰需求、发电厂的碳排放，以及与气候变化相关的长期成本。(C) 2007爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Previous estimates of childhood lead poisoning prevention benefits have quantified the present value of some health benefits, but not the costs of lead paint hazard control or the benefits associated with housing and energy markets. Because older housing with lead paint constitutes the main exposure source today in the US, we quantify health benefits, costs, market value benefits, energy savings, and net economic benefits of lead-safe window replacement (which includes paint stabilization and other measures). The benefit per resident child from improved lifetime earnings alone is $21,195 in pre-1940 housing and $8685 in 1940-59 housing (in 2005 dollars). Annual energy savings are $130-486 per housing unit, with or without young resident children, with an associated increase in housing market value of $5900-14,300 per housing unit, depending on home size and number of windows replaced. Net benefits are $4490-5,629 for each housing unit built before 1940, and $491-1629 for each unit built from 1940-1959, depending on home size and number of windows replaced. Lead-safe window replacement in all pre-1960 US housing would yield net benefits of at least $67 billion, which does not include many other benefits. These other benefits, which are shown in this paper, include avoided Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, other medical costs of childhood lead exposure, avoided special education, and reduced crime and juvenile delinquency in later life. In addition, such a window replacement effort would reduce peak demand for electricity, carbon emissions from power plants, and associated long-term costs of climate change. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.