Developmental trajectories in toddlers' self-restraint predict individual differences in executive functions 14 years later: a behavioral genetic analysis.
Developmental trajectories in toddlers' self-restraint predict individual differences in executive functions 14 years later: a behavioral genetic analysis.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023750
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hewitt, John K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman, Naomi P.;Miyake, Akira;Robinson, JoAnn L.;Hewitt, John K.
我们在约950对双胞胎样本中，检验了童年早期的自我约束是否可以预测青春期晚期的三种执行功能(EFS；抑制优势反应、更新工作记忆和转移任务集)的个体差异。在14个月、20个月、24个月和36个月的时候，孩子们被展示了一个有吸引力的玩具，并被告知30秒内不要碰它。触摸玩具的潜伏期随着年龄的增长而增加，潜在的班级成长模型区分了两组儿童，他们在所有4个时间点接触玩具的潜伏期都不同。通过验证性因素分析，将三个潜变量(17岁时测量)分别分解为一个共同的EF因子(与反应抑制能力同构)和两个更新和转移特有因子。不受约束的儿童在普通EF因子上的得分显著低于受约束儿童，在更新特定因子上的等值得分显著低于受约束儿童，而在转移特定因子上的得分高于受约束儿童。受约束程度较低的组智商得分也较低，但这种影响完全由EF部分介导。双胞胎模型表明，对于共同的EF变量，关联主要是遗传的，但对于移位特定的变量，遗传和非共享环境之间存在分裂。这些结果表明，个体在自我约束方面的差异与EFS之间存在着生物学上的联系，这种差异始于生命早期，一直持续到青春期后期。
We examined whether self-restraint in early childhood predicted individual differences in three executive functions (EFs; inhibiting prepotent responses, updating working memory, and shifting task sets) in late adolescence in a sample of ~950 twins. At ages 14, 20, 24, and 36 months, the children were shown an attractive toy and told not to touch it for 30 seconds. Latency to touch the toy increased with age, and latent class growth modeling distinguished two groups of children that differed in their latencies to touch the toy at all 4 time points. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the three EFs (measured with latent variables at age 17 years) were decomposed into a Common EF factor (isomorphic to response inhibition ability) and two factors specific to updating and shifting, respectively. Less restrained children had significantly lower scores on the Common EF factor, equivalent scores on the Updating-specific factor, and higher scores on the Shifting-specific factor than the more restrained children. The less restrained group also had lower IQ scores, but this effect was entirely mediated by the EF components. Twin models indicated that the associations were primarily genetic in origin for the Common EF variable but split between genetics and nonshared environment for the Shifting-specific variable. These results suggest a biological relation between individual differences in self-restraint and EFs, one that begins early in life and persists into late adolescence.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Friedman, Naomi P.;Corley, Robin P.;Wright, Kenneth P., Jr.
通讯作者：
Wright, Kenneth P., Jr.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
CASPI, A;HENRY, B;SILVA, PA
通讯作者：
SILVA, PA
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Diamond, A;Briand, L;Gehlbach, L
通讯作者：
Gehlbach, L
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Fournier-Vicente, Siobhan;Larigauderie, Pascale;Gaonach, Daniel
通讯作者：
Gaonach, Daniel
DOI：
10.3758/bf03204507
发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
COHEN, J;MACWHINNEY, B;PROVOST, J
通讯作者：
PROVOST, J