Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant-fungus symbioses.
Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant-fungus symbioses.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.12805
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Strullu‐Derrien;P. Kenrick;S. Pressel;J. Duckett;J. Rioult;D. Strullu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Strullu‐Derrien;P. Kenrick;S. Pressel;J. Duckett;J. Rioult;D. Strullu
真菌（真菌科）与植物有着密切的联系，自陆地生命出现以来，它们就与植物共存，但它们在早期陆地生态系统中的多样性仍然知之甚少。我们研究了4.07亿年前的Rhynie Chert（苏格兰，英国）保存非常完好的石化植物的岩石学剖面。为了便于比较，我们举例说明了四种现存的低地植物的真菌关联。我们发现了两种新的内生菌：Palaeoglomus boullardii （sp. 11 . Glomeromycota）在气轴外皮层不连续区定植薄壁，形成丛枝状结构、囊泡和孢子；Palaeoendogone gwenne -vaughaniae （gen. nov., sp. nov. Mucoromycotina）在植物基部的薄壁组织中定植，存在于细胞间隙和细胞内线圈中，但不存在于根状体中。通过对新发现的内生真菌Horneophyton、Rhynie Chert和现存低地植物真菌定植的比较，揭示了Mucoromycotina和Glomeromycota的几个特征。对早期陆地植物真菌关联的重新评估表明，它们比迄今为止所认为的更加多样化，推翻了长期以来认为早期内生菌完全是肾小球菌的范式。
Fungi (Eumycota) form close associations with plants, with which they have co-existed since the dawn of life on land, but their diversity in early terrestrial ecosystems is still poorly understood. We studied petrographic sections of exceptionally well-preserved petrified plants from the 407 million yr-old Rhynie Chert (Scotland, UK). For comparative purposes, we illustrate fungal associations in four extant lower land plants. We document two new endophytes in the plant Horneophyton lignieri: Palaeoglomus boullardii (sp. nov. Glomeromycota) colonizes parenchyma in a discontinuous zone of the outer cortex of the aerial axes, forming arbuscule-like structures, vesicles and spores; Palaeoendogone gwynne-vaughaniae (gen. nov., sp. nov. Mucoromycotina) colonizes parenchyma in the basal part of the plant, where it is present in intercellular spaces and as intracellular coils but absent from rhizoids. Critical comparisons between the newly discovered Horneophyton endophytes, fungi previously described from the Rhynie Chert and fungal colonization in extant lower land plants reveal several features characteristic of both Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycota. A reappraisal of fungal associations in early land plants indicates that they are more diverse than assumed hitherto, overturning the long-held paradigm that the early endophytes were exclusively Glomeromycota.