Toxic and nontoxic changes induced in the urothelium by xenobiotics.
Toxic and nontoxic changes induced in the urothelium by xenobiotics.
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DOI：
10.1016/0041-008x(89)90197-x
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发表时间：
1989-12
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Samuel Monroe Cohen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Samuel Monroe Cohen
尿路上皮癌的发生经历了几个形态可识别的阶段，从单纯性增生到结节和乳头状增生，再到乳头状瘤，再到非浸润性癌和浸润性癌。不幸的是，在任何早期病变上都没有特定的可识别标记物来区分那些将成为肿瘤的和那些可能是可逆的。继发于环磷酰胺注射的尿路上皮毒性也经历了几个阶段，从上皮的空泡化开始，到坏死和溃疡，然后是炎性浸润物，肉芽组织形成，上皮明显的再生增殖，最终修复并恢复正常。许多与毒性有关的变化类似于在致癌过程中看到的变化。此外，在成人膀胱中发生的几种明显的形态变化可能被误认为是毒性的证据，更重要的是，在再生修复和癌变过程中看到的许多变化发生在正常的胎儿尿路上皮发育中。
Urothelial carcinogenesis progresses through several morphologically identifiable stages from simple hyperplasia, to nodular and papillary hyperplasia, to papilloma, and to noninvasive and invasive carcinoma. Unfortunately, no specific identifiable markers on any of the early lesions are available to distinguish those which will become neoplasms from those that are potentially reversible. Urothelial toxicity secondary to cyclophosphamide injection also progresses through several phases, beginning with vacuolization of the epithelium, to necrosis and ulceration, followed by an inflammatory infiltrate, granulation tissue formation, and marked regenerative hyperplasia of the epithelium, with ultimate repair and return to normal. Numerous changes related to toxicity are similar to those seen during carcinogenesis. In addition, several apparent morphologic “changes” occurring in the adult bladder can be mistaken for evidence of toxicity, and more importantly, many of the changes seen during regenerative repair and during carcinogenesis occur in the normal fetal urothelial development.