Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion
Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion
复制标题
磁和惯性聚变的高级诊断
DOI：
10.1088/0741-3335/45/2/702
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
D. Batani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Stott;A. Wootton;G. Gorini;E. Sindoni;D. Batani
这本书是一本论文集，由该领域的专家撰写，关于核聚变诊断的高级主题。这78篇论文最初是在2001年9月在意大利莫纳斯蒂别墅举行的磁和惯性聚变高级诊断国际会议上提出的。磁约束聚变方案和惯性聚变方案都得到了相当广泛的介绍，其中对前一种方案给予了更多的强调。就磁约束而言，由于目前的国际方案主要侧重于下一阶段的装置，因此特别关注在强中子通量环境中可行的技术和工艺。事实上，在第一节中，各种方法被认为是在接近燃烧等离子体的条件下，主要是在托卡马克配置的相关参数的测量的角度。最苛刻的要求，如氚的使用和耐辐射性的影响，审查和最具挑战性的开放问题，需要进一步的研究和发展，也清楚地提到。以下三节专门介绍等离子体诊断方面的一些最新发展，并按以下分类进行分组："中子和粒子诊断"、"光学和X射线诊断"以及"干涉测量、偏振测量和汤姆逊散射"。在这些章节中，给出了几个最新的结果，涵盖了世界各地最先进的实验测量。这里所描述的发展更多地涉及有待研究的物理问题所提出的要求。因此，他们更侧重于所采用的方法，以提高诊断的空间和时间分辨率，在一些方法，以改善表征的湍流和快速粒子。良好的覆盖范围是给中子诊断，这是假设越来越多的相关性等离子体参数接近点火。光谱系统及其最近的发展是很好的代表，而边缘诊断有点薄的地面上。有一节专门介绍关于辐射影响和技术问题的最新试验。介绍了氚对光学元件的损伤问题和氚存量测定的困难。在最后一部分，新的诊断系统的最新的实验（正在建设或最近运行）的报告。本书还介绍了前三节中未包括的一些诊断的各个方面，特别强调微波和红外诊断。这本书非常适合专家，更一般地说，对于参与核聚变的人，他们需要有关等离子体诊断领域最新发展的信息。这些论文涵盖了在接近反应堆条件的聚变机器中进行测量的挑战和可能的解决方案的许多方面。另一方面，这些贡献一般来说是相当先进的，对于没有等离子体诊断和核聚变背景的人来说是具有挑战性的。从清晰度和图形的角度来看，纸张的质量非常令人满意。此外，在书的开头，几篇论文做出了相当大的努力，把诊断问题在更广泛的背景下，目前的核聚变研究。对于那些过于复杂而无法在会议文稿中完整描述的主题，一般来说，提供了足够的参考资料以进行更深入的研究。本卷中约三分之一的论文涉及与惯性约束聚变等离子体有关的诊断（即，激光产生等离子体和脉冲功率）。这些论文讨论了带电粒子诊断，中子诊断，光学和X射线测量沿着激光和粒子探测诊断的最新发展。由此产生的论文集是全面和广泛的，欧洲，美国和日本的所有主要实验室都有代表。有重要的讨论诊断的国家点火装置，LMJ，和未来的超高强度激光实验，以及论文线阵列z箍缩实验的发展。将惯性约束聚变实验的贡献与磁约束聚变实验的贡献混合起来特别有用。不幸的是，这两种聚变方法之间的差距往往很大，所以这本书令人愉快的一点是，熟悉一个领域实验研究的读者很容易比较另一个领域的"最先进"等离子体诊断。希望这将促进这两个领域新想法的发展。这本书是一个会议记录，因此，几乎所有的文件包括相当简短，是高度技术性的。因此，这本书不是特别教学，将是最有用的研究人员已经在这一领域的物理工作。然而，对于这些读者来说，磁和惯性约束聚变的高级诊断是聚变等离子体诊断现状的一个很好的概述。克鲁舍尼克
This book is a collection of papers, written by specialists in the field, on advanced topics of nuclear fusion diagnostics. The 78 contributions were originally presented at the International Conference on Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion held at Villa Monastero, Italy in September 2001. Both magnetically confined and inertial fusion programmes are quite extensively covered, with more emphasis given to the former scheme. In the case of magnetic confinement, since the present international programme is strongly focused on next-step devices, particular attention is devoted to techniques and technologies viable in an environment with strong neutron fluxes. Indeed, in the first section, the various methods are considered in the perspective of performing the measurements of the relevant parameters in conditions approaching a burning plasma, mainly in the Tokamak configuration. The most demanding requirements, like the implications of the use of tritium and radiation resistance, are reviewed and the most challenging open issues, which require further research and development, are also clearly mentioned. The following three sections are devoted to some of the most recent developments in plasma diagnostics, which are grouped according to the following classification: `Neutron and particle diagnostics', `Optical and x-ray diagnostics' and `Interferometry, Polarimetry and Thomson Scattering'. In these chapters, several of the most recent results are given, covering measurements taken on the most advanced experiments around the world. Here the developments described deal more with the requirements imposed by the physical issues to be studied. They are therefore more focused on the approaches adopted to increase the spatial and time resolution of the diagnostics, on some methods to improve the characterisation of the turbulence and on fast particles. Good coverage is given to neutron diagnostics, which are assuming increasing relevance as the plasma parameters approach ignition. Spectroscopic systems and their recent developments are well represented, whereas edge diagnostics are somewhat thin on the ground. A dedicated section is devoted to the latest tests on radiation effects and technological issues. The problems of damage to optical components and the difficulties presented by the determination of the tritium inventory are described. In the last part, the new diagnostic systems of the most recent experiments (under construction or recently operated) are reported. Various aspects of some diagnostics not included in the three previous sections are also covered, with particular emphasis on microwaves and infrared diagnostics. The book is well suited for specialists and, more generally, for people involved in nuclear fusion, who need information about the most recent developments in the field of plasma diagnostics. The papers cover many aspects of the challenges and possible solutions for performing measurements in fusion machines approaching reactor conditions. On the other hand, the contributions are in general quite advanced and would be challenging for people without a significant background in plasma diagnostics and nuclear fusion. The quality of the paper is more than satisfactory both from the point of view of clarity and of graphics. Moreover, at the beginning of the book, several papers make a considerable effort to put diagnostic issues in the wider context of present day nuclear fusion research. For those topics, which are too involved to be completely described in a conference contribution, in general adequate references are provided for deeper investigation. A Murari Approximately one third of the papers included in this volume deal with diagnostics related to inertial confinement fusion plasmas (i.e., laser-produced plasmas and pulsed-power). These papers discuss recent developments in charged particle diagnostics, neutron diagnostics, optical and x-ray measurements along with laser and particle probing diagnostics. The resulting collection of papers is comprehensive and wide-ranging and all of the major laboratories in Europe, the US, and Japan are represented. There is important discussion on the development of diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility, LMJ, and future ultra-high intensity laser experiments as well as papers on wire array z-pinch experiments. It is especially useful to have the contributions from inertial confinement fusion experiments intermingled with those from magnetic confinement fusion. The separation between these two approaches to fusion is often unfortunately large, so one of the pleasing things about this book is that it is very easy for readers familiar with experimental research in one area to compare `state of the art' plasma diagnostics in the other area. Hopefully this will facilitate the development of new ideas in both areas. This book is a conference proceedings and as such, almost all of the papers included are quite brief and are highly technical. Consequently, the book is not particularly pedagogical and would be most useful to researchers already working in this area of physics. For these readers, however, Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Confinement Fusion is an excellent overview of the present status of fusion plasma diagnostics. K Krushelnick