Help Me, Symbionts, You're My Only Hope: Approaches to Accelerate our Understanding of Coral Holobiont Interactions
Help Me, Symbionts, You're My Only Hope: Approaches to Accelerate our Understanding of Coral Holobiont Interactions
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icac141
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发表时间：
2022-09-13
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Davies，Sarah W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bove，Colleen B.;Ingersoll，Maria Valadez;Davies，Sarah W.
热带珊瑚为地球上最多样化的生态系统之一构建了三维框架，为众多物种提供了栖息地。然而，这些生态系统工程师正面临着前所未有的挑战，例如与人为全球变化相关的疾病流行率和海洋热浪。因此，世界各大洋的珊瑚覆盖率和健康状况都在大幅下降，这往往是由于与珊瑚有关的共生体崩溃。在这里，我们回顾了珊瑚holobion的主要共生伙伴之间的相互作用刺胞动物的主机，在家庭共生藻，和微生物之间的影响性状的变化，包括共生的分子机制和不同的微生物的伙伴关系所产生的生理效益。在这样做的时候，我们强调目前的框架，形成和维护的刺胞动物共生，和免疫途径在这种关系中发挥的作用。我们强调，当你考虑到刺胞动物宿主和藻类共生体的巨大遗传变异，以及它们高度多样的微生物组时，理解这些复杂的相互作用是具有挑战性的，这也是珊瑚全生物健康的重要因素。考虑到共生伙伴之间复杂的相互作用，我们提出了几个研究方向和方法，重点是共生模型系统和新兴技术，这将扩大我们对这些伙伴的相互作用如何促进珊瑚holobiont表型的预测，特别是在快速的环境变化。
Tropical corals construct the three-dimensional framework for one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, providing habitat to a plethora of species across taxa. However, these ecosystem engineers are facing unprecedented challenges, such as increasing disease prevalence and marine heatwaves associated with anthropogenic global change. As a result, major declines in coral cover and health are being observed across the world's oceans, often due to the breakdown of coral-associated symbioses. Here, we review the interactions between the major symbiotic partners of the coral holobiont—the cnidarian host, algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae, and the microbiome—that influence trait variation, including the molecular mechanisms that underlie symbiosis and the resulting physiological benefits of different microbial partnerships. In doing so, we highlight the current framework for the formation and maintenance of cnidarian–Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis, and the role that immunity pathways play in this relationship. We emphasize that understanding these complex interactions is challenging when you consider the vast genetic variation of the cnidarian host and algal symbiont, as well as their highly diverse microbiome, which is also an important player in coral holobiont health. Given the complex interactions between and among symbiotic partners, we propose several research directions and approaches focused on symbiosis model systems and emerging technologies that will broaden our understanding of how these partner interactions may facilitate the prediction of coral holobiont phenotype, especially under rapid environmental change.