Forest regeneration in a chronosequence of tropical abandoned pastures: Implications for restoration ecology
Forest regeneration in a chronosequence of tropical abandoned pastures: Implications for restoration ecology
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80048.x
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Marcano-Vega, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aide, TM;Zimmerman, JK;Marcano-Vega, H
在1900年代中期，波多黎各岛的大部分森林都被砍伐，但从1950年代开始，经济从农业转向小工业，导致农业用地被放弃，次生林恢复。这一独特的历史为研究次生林演替和提出热带森林恢复战略提供了极好的机会。要确定的次生演替的模式，我们描述的木本植被在71个废弃的牧场和森林遗址在四个地区的波多黎各。密度，断面积，地上生物量和物种丰富度的次生林网站是类似的老增长的森林网站（>80年）后，约40年。在最近废弃的牧场上定居的优势物种发生在广泛的海拔范围内，并广泛分布于新热带地区。波多黎各次生林的物种丰富度迅速恢复，但物种组成是相当不同的，与老增长的森林网站相比，这表明富集种植将是必要的，以恢复原来的组成。外来物种是次生林中数量最多的物种，但其长期影响取决于各物种的生活史特征。这些数据表明，在被遗弃的牧场上恢复热带森林的一种策略就是保护这些地区免受火灾，并允许自然再生以产生次生林。这种策略将是最有效的，如果残余森林（即，种子来源）仍然存在于景观中，土壤没有严重退化。森林恢复的模式也表明，通过种植一套在波多黎各和整个新热带地区最近废弃的牧场中很常见的通才物种来加速自然恢复的战略。
During the mid-1900s, most of the island of Puerto Rico was deforested, but a shift in the economy from agriculture to small industry beginning in the 1950s resulted in the abandonment of agricultural lands and recovery of secondary forest. This unique history provides an excellent opportunity to study secondary forest succession and suggest strategies for tropical forest restoration. To determine the pattern of secondary succession, we describe the woody vegetation in 71 abandoned pastures and forest sites in four regions of Puerto Rico. The density, basal area, aboveground biomass, and species richness of the secondary forest sites were similar to those of the old growth forest sites (>80 yr) after approximately 40 years. The dominant species that colonized recently abandoned pastures occurred over a broad elevational range and are widespread in the neotropics. The species richness of Puerto Rican secondary forests recovered rapidly, but the species composition was quite different in comparison with old growth forest sites, suggesting that enrichment planting will be necessary to restore the original composition. Exotic species were some of the most abundant species in the secondary forest, but their long-term impact depended on life history characteristics of each species. These data demonstrate that one restoration strategy for tropical forest in abandoned pastures is simply to protect the areas from fire, and allow natural regeneration to produce secondary forest. This strategy will be most effective if remnant forest (i.e., seed sources) still exist in the landscape and soils have not been highly degraded. Patterns of forest recovery also suggest strategies for accelerating natural recovery by planting a suite of generalist species that are common in recently abandoned pastures in Puerto Rico and throughout much of the neotropics.