Impacts of Chilean forest subsidies on forest cover, carbon and biodiversity
Impacts of Chilean forest subsidies on forest cover, carbon and biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1038/s41893-020-0547-0
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发表时间：
2020-06-22
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Lambin, Eric F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heilmayr, Robert;Echeverria, Cristian;Lambin, Eric F.
森林消失后，公共补贴往往鼓励植树造林。这项模拟研究发现，在1986年至2011年期间，智利的森林补贴可能减少了生物多样性，而没有增加地上植物材料中储存的碳。过去的政策和目前的承诺表明，这些森林中有许多将成为人工林。由于种植园往往取代更多富含碳或生物多样性的土地覆盖，这种森林扩张的方法可能会破坏增加碳储存和生物多样性的目标。我们使用一个计量经济学的土地利用变化模型来模拟1986年至2011年期间智利补贴驱动的种植园扩张对碳和生物多样性的影响。对有补贴和无补贴的模拟进行比较后发现，对植树造林的付款通过扩大外来物种的种植而增加了树木覆盖率，但减少了原生林的面积。智利的森林补贴可能减少了生物多样性，而没有增加地上生物量中储存的总碳。对自然生态系统的转化认真执行保障措施，可以改善重新造林政策的碳和生物多样性成果。
After forest loss, public subsidies often encourage reforestation with tree plantations. This modelling study finds that between 1986 and 2011, Chile's forest subsidies probably reduced biodiversity without increasing carbon stored in aboveground plant material.In response to the important benefits forests provide, there is a growing effort to reforest the world. Past policies and current commitments indicate that many of these forests will be plantations. Since plantations often replace more carbon-rich or biodiverse land covers, this approach to forest expansion may undermine objectives of increased carbon storage and biodiversity. We use an econometric land use change model to simulate the carbon and biodiversity impacts of subsidy driven plantation expansion in Chile between 1986 and 2011. A comparison of simulations with and without subsidies indicates that payments for afforestation increased tree cover through expansion of plantations of exotic species but decreased the area of native forests. Chile's forest subsidies probably decreased biodiversity without increasing total carbon stored in aboveground biomass. Carefully enforced safeguards on the conversion of natural ecosystems can improve both the carbon and biodiversity outcomes of reforestation policies.