Inescapable Stress Changes Walking Behavior in Flies - Learned Helplessness Revisited
Inescapable Stress Changes Walking Behavior in Flies - Learned Helplessness Revisited
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0167066
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发表时间：
2016-11-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Heisenberg, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batsching, Sophie;Wolf, Reinhard;Heisenberg, Martin
像其他动物一样，苍蝇在面对无法逃避的厌恶事件时会发展出一种习得性无助的状态。为了证明这一点，两只苍蝇，一只“主人”，一只“被束缚”，都被限制在一个黑暗的小房间里，并暴露在相同的轻微电击序列中。当主苍蝇停止行走超过一秒钟时，两者都会受到这些电击。两种动物的行为受到电击的影响不同。异蝇在位置学习中短暂受损，并且比主蝇需要更长的时间才能离开室朝向光。治疗后，他们走得更慢，走得更少，更短。低活性归因于苍蝇的经验，它的逃避反应，一种终止电击的先天行为，不再有帮助。早期使用热脉冲而不是电击的研究也显示了类似的效果。这种相似性支持了这样的解释，即是不可控性导致了状态。
Like other animals flies develop a state of learned helplessness in response to unescapable aversive events. To show this, two flies, one 'master', one 'yoked', are each confined to a dark, small chamber and exposed to the same sequence of mild electric shocks. Both receive these shocks when the master fly stops walking for more than a second. Behavior in the two animals is differently affected by the shocks. Yoked flies are transiently impaired in place learning and take longer than master flies to exit from the chamber towards light. After the treatment they walk more slowly and take fewer and shorter walking bouts. The low activity is attributed to the fly's experience that its escape response, an innate behavior to terminate the electric shocks, does not help anymore. Earlier studies using heat pulses instead of electric shocks had shown similar effects. This parallel supports the interpretation that it is the uncontrollability that induces the state.