Brook trout use individual recognition and transitive inference to determine social rank
Brook trout use individual recognition and transitive inference to determine social rank
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布鲁克鳟鱼使用个体识别和传递推理来确定社会等级
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/ars136
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
C. Gowan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. White;C. Gowan
传递性推理（Transitive inference，TI）发生在当已知关系的信息被用来构建新的关联时，例如，当个体通过观察2个二元组（A > B和B > C）推断出3个同种在线性优势等级（A > B > C）中的顺序时。TI已被证明为几个物种，但从来没有为有机体的层次结构，涉及许多个人的排名顺序经常变化。在这种情况下，理论预测自然选择可能倾向于使用明确的线索来排列同种，而不是TI。在这里，我们表明，溪鳟（红点鲑fontinalis），一个物种，表现出复杂的，不断变化的优势层次结构，可以联合收割机个人识别和TI排名个人在一个层次结构内，而不使用明确的线索。被允许直接与对手互动的受试者能够识别每个人的社会地位。此外，我们发现，一个被试，其等级是C在一个5鱼等级（A > B > C > D > E），可以使用TI正确推断的排名A和E后，第一次与B和D，然后观看二对涉及A > B和D > E。TI在溪鳟鱼的演示有助于流鳟鱼种群动态的理解，因为TI可以降低与运动相关的能量成本。
Transitive inference (TI) occurs when information about known relationships is used to construct novel associations, for example, when an individual infers the order of 3 conspecifics in a linear dominance hierarchy (A > B > C) by watching 2 dyads (A > B and B > C). TI has been demonstrated for several species, but never for organisms with hierarchies involving many individuals whose rank order changes often. Under these circumstances, theory predicts natural selection may favor use of explicit cues to rank conspecifics, rather than TI. Here we show that brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a species that exhibits complex, shifting dominance hierarchies, can combine individual recognition and TI to rank individuals within a hierarchy without use of explicit cues. Subjects that were allowed to directly interact with rivals were able to identify the social rank of each individual. In addition, we found that a subject, whose rank was C within a 5-fish hierarchy (A > B > C > D > E), could use TI to correctly infer the ranks of A and E after first interacting with B and D and then watching dyads involving A > B and D > E. This demonstration of TI in brook trout contributes to the understanding of stream trout population dynamics as TI could lower the energetic costs associated with movement.