Tyramine functions independently of octopamine in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system
Tyramine functions independently of octopamine in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.024
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发表时间：
2005-04-21
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Horvitz, HR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alkema, MJ;Hunter-Ensor, M;Horvitz, HR
章鱼胺生物合成需要酪氨酸脱羧酶将酪氨酸转化为酪胺，以及酪胺P-羟化酶将酪胺转化为章鱼胺。我们确定并表征了秀丽隐杆线虫酪氨酸脱羧酶基因，TDC-1，和酪胺P-羟化酶基因，TBH-1。TBH-1蛋白在TDC-1表达细胞亚群中表达，表明C.秀丽线虫具有与其嗜铬细胞不同的酪胺能细胞。TDC-1突变体具有TBH-1突变体所不具有的行为缺陷。我们发现酪胺在抑制产卵、调制反转行为和抑制头部振荡中起着特定的作用。我们提出了一个模型的神经回路，协调运动和头部振荡响应前触摸。我们的研究结果确定酪胺作为神经递质在C。我们认为，酪胺是一种真正的神经递质，在其他无脊椎动物，并可能在脊椎动物以及。
Octopamine biosynthesis requires tyrosine decarboxylase to convert tyrosine into tyramine and tyramine P-hydroxylase to convert tyramine into octopamine. We identified and characterized a Caenorhabditis elegans tyrosine decarboxylase gene, tdc-1, and a tyramine P-hydroxylase gene, tbh-1. The TBH-1 protein is expressed in a subset of TDC-1 -expressing cells, indicating that C. elegans has tyraminergic cells that are distinct from its octoparninergic cells. tdc-1 mutants have behavioral defects not shared by tbh-1 mutants. We show that tyramine plays a specific role in the inhibition of egg laying, the modulation of reversal behavior, and the suppression of head oscillations in response to anterior touch. We propose a model for the neural circuit that coordinates locomotion and head oscillations in response to anterior touch. Our findings establish tyramine as a neurotransmitter in C. elegans, and we suggest that tyramine is a genuine neurotransmitter in other invertebrates and possibly in vertebrates as well.