A detection theoretic explanation of blindsight suggests a link between conscious perception and metacognition
A detection theoretic explanation of blindsight suggests a link between conscious perception and metacognition
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2011.0380
复制
发表时间：
2012-05-19
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Lau, Hakwan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ko, Yoshiaki;Lau, Hakwan
盲视是指V1受损患者执行视觉任务的罕见能力，例如强迫选择辨别，即使这些患者声称没有有意识地看到相关刺激。这种惊人的现象可以用信号检测理论的形式术语来描述。(i)失明患者使用异常保守的标准来检测目标。(ii)在歧视的任务，他们的信心评级是低的，（iii）这种信心评级预测任务的准确性差，一个试验一个试验的基础上。(iv)他们的检测能力（d '）低于预期的基础上，他们在被迫选择任务的表现。我们提出了一个统一的解释，占这些功能：盲视是由于未能代表和更新的统计信息的内部视觉神经反应，即失败的元认知。我们提供了计算模拟数据来证明，该模型可以定性地解释盲视的检测理论特征。由于这种元认知机制可能依赖于前额叶皮层，这表明，虽然盲视通常是由于初级视觉皮层的损伤，但这种损伤对前额叶皮层的远端影响可能是至关重要的。最近的脑成像证据支持这一观点。
Blindsight refers to the rare ability of V1-damaged patients to perform visual tasks such as forced-choice discrimination, even though these patients claim not to consciously see the relevant stimuli. This striking phenomenon can be described in the formal terms of signal detection theory. (i) Blindsight patients use an unusually conservative criterion to detect targets. (ii) In discrimination tasks, their confidence ratings are low and (iii) such confidence ratings poorly predict task accuracy on a trial-by-trial basis. (iv) Their detection capacity (d') is lower than expected based on their performance in forced-choice tasks. We propose a unifying explanation that accounts for these features: that blindsight is due to a failure to represent and update the statistical information regarding the internal visual neural response, i.e. a failure in metacognition. We provide computational simulation data to demonstrate that this model can qualitatively account for the detection theoretic features of blindsight. Because such metacognitive mechanisms are likely to depend on the prefrontal cortex, this suggests that although blindsight is typically due to damage to the primary visual cortex, distal influence to the prefrontal cortex by such damage may be critical. Recent brain imaging evidence supports this view.