Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution
Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution
复制标题
海绵选择性喂养病原微生物：重新评估减少微生物污染的潜力
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wei Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Maldonado;Xichang Zhang;Xupeng Cao;Lingyun Xue;H. Cao;Wei Zhang
传统上，海绵被认为是相当不具选择性的滤食动物，因此是修复微生物水污染的潜在生物过滤器。在这里，我们证明了海绵以微生物为食的能力与这种能力减少微生物污染的潜在生物技术用途之间的假设联系比假设的要复杂得多。在实验室饲养实验中，结合透射电子显微镜的研究，我们评估了海绵Permeniacidon perlevis对沿海水域常见的3种病原微生物的摄食和消化能力：2种细菌(大肠杆菌和鳗弧菌)和1种海洋酵母Rhodotorula sp.。这三种微生物都被海绵摄取，但选择性地，以不同的速度和遵循不同的细胞机制。海绵对酵母细胞的处理非常不典型。摄取和消化途径的不同导致海绵清除微生物的效果存在很大差异。海绵放牧降低了大肠杆菌和红酵母的浓度。在远低于初始值的水平上，海绵对减少最具感染性的鳗弧菌的浓度没有效果。这种细菌的消化速度比大肠杆菌慢，在实验烧瓶中的增殖速度比放牧时要高得多。这些发现提出了一个问题：海绵是否适合微生物污染的生物修复，因为海绵选择性或优先摄取某些细菌，最终可能会促进那些吃得较少的细菌的生长，如弧菌。
Sponges have traditionally been viewed as rather unselective filter feeders, and there- fore as potential biofilters to remediate microbial water pollution. Here we show that the assumed connection between the ability of sponges to feed on microbes and the potential biotechnological use of such an ability to reduce microbial pollution is more complex than assumed. In a laboratory feed- ing experiment combined with a transmission electron microscopy study, we assessed the potential of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis to ingest and digest 3 common pathogenic microbes occurring in coastal waters: 2 bacteria (Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum), and 1 marine yeast Rhodotorula sp. All 3 microbes were ingested by the sponge, but selectively, at different rates and following different cellular mechanisms. Yeast cells were processed very atypically by the sponge. Differences in the ingestion and digestion pathways led to large differences in the effectiveness of the sponge to remove the microbes. While sponge grazing reduced the concentration of E. coli and Rhodotorula sp. to levels far below the initial values, sponges were ineffective in abating concentra- tions of the most infective bacterium, V. anguillarum. This bacterium, which was digested more slowly than E. coli, proliferated in the experimental flasks at much higher rates than it was grazed. These findings raise the question whether sponges are suitable for bioremediation of microbial pol- lution, since selective or preferential ingestion of certain bacteria by sponges may end up fueling growth of those grazed less, such as Vibrio spp.