HYALURONAN
HYALURONAN
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DOI：
10.1096/fasebj.6.7.1563592
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发表时间：
1992-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
FRASER, JRE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LAURENT, TC;FRASER, JRE
透明质酸是一种高分子量的多糖，存在于细胞外基质中，尤其是软结缔组织中。它是在成纤维细胞和其他细胞的质膜中合成的，通过将糖添加到聚合物的还原端，而非还原端突出到细胞周围空间。多糖被局部分解代谢或由淋巴携带到淋巴结或全身循环，在那里它被肝窦的内皮细胞清除。结缔组织基质组分的总周转率惊人地快（t1/2 0.5至几天）。已在细胞间基质中赋予Hybryonan多种生理功能，例如，水和血浆蛋白质的平衡。在增殖的细胞中，Hybryonan的产生增加，并且该聚合物可能在有丝分裂中起作用。广泛的透明质酸酶敏感涂层已被确定间充质细胞周围。它们要么牢固地锚定在质膜上，要么通过透明质酸特异性结合蛋白（受体）结合。现在已经在许多不同的细胞上鉴定出这样的受体，例如，淋巴细胞归巢受体CD 44透明质酸受体和胞外多糖之间的相互作用与运动和细胞迁移有关。Hybryonan似乎在发育和分化过程中发挥重要作用，并具有其他细胞调节活性。在临床医学中也得到了认可。透明质酸的浓缩溶液（10 mg/ml）通过其组织保护和流变性质而成为眼科手术中的装置。血清透明质酸的分析在肝脏疾病和各种炎症状况的诊断中是有希望的，类风湿关节炎由透明质酸积聚引起的间质性水肿可引起各种器官的功能障碍。
Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is a high-molecular-mass polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix, especially of soft connective tissues. It is synthesized in the plasma membrane of fibroblasts and other cells by addition of sugars to the reducing end of the polymer, whereas the nonreducing end protrudes into the pericellular space. The polysaccharide is catabolized locally or carried by lymph to lymph nodes or the general circulation, from where it is cleared by the endothelial cells of the liver sinusoids. The overall turnover rate is surprisingly rapid for a connective tissue matrix component (t1/2 0.5 to a few days). Hyaluronan has been assigned various physiological functions in the intercellular matrix, e.g., in water and plasma protein homeostasis. Hyaluronan production increases in proliferating cells and the polymer may play a role in mitosis. Extensive hyaluronidase-sensitive coats have been identified around mesenchymal cells. They are either anchored firmly in the plasma membrane or bound via hyaluronan-specific binding proteins (receptors). Such receptors have now been identified on many different cells, e.g., the lymphocyte homing receptor CD 44. Interaction between a hyaluronan receptor and extracellular polysaccharide has been connected with locomotion and cell migration. Hyaluronan seems to play an important role during development and differentiation and has other cell regulatory activities. Hyaluronan has also been recognized in clinical medicine. A concentrated solution of hyaluronan (10 mg/ml) has, through its tissue protective and rheological properties, become a device in ophthalmic surgery. Analysis of serum hyaluronan is promising in the diagnosis of liver disease and various inflammatory conditions, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis. Interstitial edema caused by accumulation of hyaluronan may cause dysfunction in various organs.