Suppression of Powdery Mildews by UV-B: Application Frequency and Timing, Dose, Reflectance, and Automation
Suppression of Powdery Mildews by UV-B: Application Frequency and Timing, Dose, Reflectance, and Automation
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis-12-15-1440-re
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Stensvand, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suthaparan, A.;Solhaug, K. A.;Stensvand, A.
在草莓和迷迭香植株上，研究了在1.6和0.8 W/m2两种光照强度下，夜间应用紫外线B（UV-B）对接种蚜虫单囊壳（Podosphaera aphanis）和生物点革兰氏菌（Golovinomycesbiocellatus）的草莓和迷迭香植株的防病效果。植物暴露于每个辐照度水平，每三个晚上为9或18分钟，每天晚上为3或6分钟，或三次，每天晚上为1或2分钟。因此，随着时间的推移，所有的植物收到相同的累积剂量的UV-B，白粉病的严重程度降低了90至99%，与未处理的对照组相比，在两种作物。在温室工作台上使用抛光的铝灯反射器和紫外线B反射表面显著提高了处理效果。一个自动化的设备组成的可调繁荣与定向气流被用来移动UV-B灯在温室工作台在25或50厘米/分钟。定向气流移动对向植物的叶子，以更好地暴露于UV-B的上下表面，但定向气流实际上降低了UV-B治疗的功效，可能是通过分散分生孢子从病变之前，他们被暴露于致命剂量的UV-B。结果表明，夜间应用UV-B抑制白粉病的广泛适用性，累积UV-B剂量是决定功效的最重要因素。最后，增强抑制阴影或模糊的组织更有可能受到影响的反射板凳表面，而不是通过尝试物理操纵的树叶。
Disease-suppressive effects of nighttime applications of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) were investigated at two irradiance levels (1.6 or 0.8 W/m(2)) in strawberry and rosemary plants inoculated with Podosphaera aphanis or Golovinomyces biocellatus, respectively. Plants were exposed to each irradiance level every third night for either 9 or 18 min, every night for either 3 or 6 min, or three times every night for either 1 or 2 min. Thus, over time, all plants received the same cumulative dose of UV-B, and severity of powdery mildew was reduced by 90 to 99% compared with untreated controls in both crops. Use of polished aluminum lamp reflectors and UV-B reflective surfaces on greenhouse benches significantly increased treatment efficacy. An automated apparatus consisting of an adjustable boom with directed airflow was used to move UV-B lamps over greenhouse benches at 25 or 50 cm/min. Directed airflow moved leaves on the subtending plants to better expose upper and lower surfaces to UV-B but directed airflow actually decreased the efficacy of UV-B treatments, possibly by dispersing conidia from lesions before they were exposed to a lethal dose of UV-B. Results indicate broad applicability of nighttime applications of UV-B to suppress powdery mildews, and that cumulative UV-B dose is an overriding factor determining efficacy. Finally, enhanced suppression on shaded or obscured tissues is more likely to be affected by reflective bench surfaces than through attempts to physically manipulate the foliage.