Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes
Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes
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DOI：
10.1111/ejss.12539
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Keelan Smith;T. Ball;F. Conen;K. Dobbie;J. Massheder;A. Rey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keelan Smith;T. Ball;F. Conen;K. Dobbie;J. Massheder;A. Rey
本文综述了土壤物理因子与土壤中温室气体产生和消耗的生物过程之间的相互作用。通过有氧呼吸释放的CO2是温度在土壤含水量范围内的非线性函数，但随着土壤变干，它成为含水量的函数。一些报告的温度响应变化可以简单地归因于测量程序。通过排水降低有机土壤的地下水位增加了部分（但不是全部）环境中以CO2形式释放的土壤碳，并减少了向大气排放CH4的量。在天然湿地中，水稻和植物的通气组织中的沸腾和扩散都对CH4的排放有重要贡献；每种途径所产生的排放比例随季节而变化。曝气土壤是通过微生物氧化吸收大气CH4的汇。控制氧化速率的主要因素是气体扩散率，温度响应较小。一氧化二氮是土壤中产生的第三种温室气体，另一种是一氧化氮，是对流层臭氧（一种短期温室气体）的前体。随着温度的升高，N2O的排放量显著增加，这是由于氧气呼吸汇增加导致厌氧体积分数增加。充满水的孔隙空间的增加也导致厌氧体积的增加；同样，结果是N2O排放量呈指数增长。这篇综述在很大程度上借鉴了土壤科学文献的正常范围之外的来源，并且旨在促进思想的整合，不仅在土壤生物学和土壤物理学之间，而且在更广泛的相互作用的学科之间。
This review examines the interactions between soil physical factors and the biological processes responsible for the production and consumption in soils of greenhouse gases. The release of CO2 by aerobic respiration is a non‐linear function of temperature over a wide range of soil water contents, but becomes a function of water content as a soil dries out. Some of the reported variation in the temperature response may be attributable simply to measurement procedures. Lowering the water table in organic soils by drainage increases the release of soil carbon as CO2 in some but not all environments, and reduces the quantity of CH4 emitted to the atmosphere. Ebullition and diffusion through the aerenchyma of rice and plants in natural wetlands both contribute substantially to the emission of CH4; the proportion of the emissions taking place by each pathway varies seasonally. Aerated soils are a sink for atmospheric CH4, through microbial oxidation. The main control on oxidation rate is gas diffusivity, and the temperature response is small. Nitrous oxide is the third greenhouse gas produced in soils, together with NO, a precursor of tropospheric ozone (a short‐lived greenhouse gas). Emission of N2O increases markedly with increasing temperature, and this is attributed to increases in the anaerobic volume fraction, brought about by an increased respiratory sink for O2. Increases in water‐filled pore space also result in increased anaerobic volume; again, the outcome is an exponential increase in N2O emission. The review draws substantially on sources from beyond the normal range of soil science literature, and is intended to promote integration of ideas, not only between soil biology and soil physics, but also over a wider range of interacting disciplines.